Relationship between Strategies of Managing Co-Curricular Activities and Students’ Achievements in Co-Curricular Activities in Secondary Schools
Abstract
The study was on the relationship between strategies of managing co-curricular activities and the level of students’ achievements in CCAs in secondary schools in Gulu City. The objectives of this study were to establish the relationship between strategies of managing co-curricular activities and the level of students’ achievements in CCAs in secondary schools in Gulu City. Benchmarking, awarding scholarships, training and coaching, financing of CCAs, sponsorships to excelling students, assigning patrons and matrons with roles to manage clubs and societies and role modeling denoted strategies of managing co-curricular activities, whereas, number of medals won, number of trophies won, number of excelling students representing the school, City, Country, number of certificates obtained, number of scholarships awarded and number of records set at competitions denoted level of students’ achievements in co-curricular. The study was conducted using a correlation design; data were collected using questionnaires and observation surveys from 218 respondents. Data from observation was analysed narratively, and descriptive statistics analysis was used to determine the level of students’ achievements and strategies of managing CCAs in secondary schools. Bivariate Regression was used to generalise data from objectives one and two. The relationship was analysed using ordinal regression using data from strategies of managing CCAs and the level of students’ achievements in CCAs. The findings were presented in the form of tables and narratives from the interview. The results of the findings indicated that the majority of respondents agreed that students’ achievements in co-curricular activities were high. The findings revealed that the preferred strategies of managing CCAs by the different secondary schools in Gulu City were: assigning of patrons and matrons, certificates, training and coaching, and scholarship, ranked accordingly. The findings revealed that though independent variables such as scholarship, sponsorship, benchmarking, financing, and assigning of matrons and patrons have positive outcomes, strategies such as role modelling and mentorship approach are demotivating if not employed with more care. It was found that strategies such as training and coaching, and awarding certificates of good performance, significantly improved students’ achievement. Thus, the status of excelling students in CCAs in the city at all levels was likely to relate to the strategies employed in managing CCAs. The study recommended that school head teachers should strategise for promoting co-curricular activities and talent development.
Downloads
References
Abras, C., Nailos, J., Lauka, B., Hoshaw, J. P., & Taylor, J. N. (2022). Defining co-curricular assessment and charting a path forward. Intersection: A journal at the intersection of assessment and learning, 4(1).
Amin, M. E. (2005). Social science research: conceptions, methodology, and analysis. Makerere University, 2005. Journal of Social Sciences - 462 pages.
Amy, F., Feldman, J. & Matjasko, L. (2016). The role of school-based extracurricular activities in adolescent development: A comprehensive review and future directions. The Review of Educational Research (RER). Vol. 75, Issue 2. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543075002159.
Arriagada, P. (2015). Insights on Canada: Participation in extracurricular activities and high school completion among off-reserve First Nations people. Ministry of Industry, Canada: Statistics Canada.
Bagala, J. (2017). IIRR final baseline youth opportunity and learning: Northern Uganda.
Bakoban, R.A. and S. A. Aljarallah, S.A. (2015). Extracurricular activities and their effect on the student’s grade point average: Statistical study. Academic Journals. 10.5897/ERR2015.2436.
Boris, H. (2019). Developing modern higher education careers services. Review Chaired by Sir Martin Harris. Landon: Department for Education and Employment.
Coakes, S. J. (2008). SPSS Version 15.0 for Windows: analysis without anguish (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.worldcat.org › title › oc/c.
Coven, C. M. (2015). History and development of co-curricular transcripts. Retrieved from http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-9316.
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA.
Christensen LB., Johnson, RB. and Turner, LA. (2014). Research Methods, Design and Analysis. Boston MA: Pearson
Daley, N., & Leachy, C. (2018). Participation in School-Based Extracurricular Activities and Adolescent Adjustment. J. Leisure Research, 37, 51-77.
Dean, K. L. (2015). Understanding students’ success by measuring extracurricular activities in high schools in the United States of America. New Directions for Institutional Research, 2014(164), 27-38. https://doi.org/10.1002/ir.20113.
Education Act (2008). Pre-Primary, Primary and Post- Primary, Ministry of Education and Sports, Uganda, Kampala.
Fredricks, J. A. and Eccles, J. S. (2010). Breadth of Extracurricular Participation and Adolescent Adjustment among African-American and European American Youth. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20, 307-333. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2009.00627.x.
Haber, P. (2011). Peer Education in Student Leadership Programs: Responding to Co-curricular Challenges. New Directions for Student Services.
Goble, G. H., Van Ooyik, J., Robertson, T. & Roberts, G. J. (2021). Effects on students’ academic and non-academic outcomes and a student participation in theatre arts: A research synthesis. Educational Research: Theory and Practice, 32(3), 1-22.
Green, C. (2015). Guide to using outcomes and feedback tools. CAMHS Press: London, UK. Retrieved from https://www.corc.uk.net/media/2112/201404guide.
Kaplan, K. & Maxwell, H. (2019). Intelligence as a predictor of career achievement. Bio Medical Journal 327: 139-142.
Kassu, J.S. (2019). Research Design and Methodology: Cyberspace, Evon Abu-Taieh, Abdelkrim El Mouatasim and Issam H. Al Hadid, IntechOpen, DOI.
Krejcie, R.V. & Morgan, D.W., (1970). Sample size Determination. Sage Journal: The NEA Research Bulletin, Vol. 38 (December 1960), p. 99. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308.
Laura, M. F. (2017). Impact of co-curricular involvement on academic success of pharmacy students. Currents Pharmacy Teaching and Learning 11(5):461-468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2019.02.004.
Logan, L. & Scarborough, C. (2018). The Effects of Learning Strategies on Students’ Career Achievements, Makerere University, Uganda, Kampala.
Lunenburg, G. (2010). Relationship between students’ achievements and level of intelligence! American Educational Research Journal, 45, 166- 183.
Mahoney, J. & Kathleen, T. (2010). A theory of gradual institutional change. Cambridge University Press 1 – 37. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511806414.003.
Matjasko, J. L., Holland, K. M., Holt, M. K., Espelage, D. L., & Koenig, B. W. (2019). All things in moderation: Threshold effects in adolescent extracurricular participation intensity and behavioral problems. Journal of School Health, 89(2), 79–87.
McClelland, D. (1961). Achievement theory of motivation. Retrieved from http://www.12manage.com/methods_mcclelland_theory_of_needs.html.
Mishra, N., & Aithal, P. S. (2023). Effect of Extracurricular and Co-Curricular Activities on Students’ Development in Higher Education. International Journal of Management, Technology and Social Sciences (IJMTS), 8(3), 83-88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8190054.
Ministry of Education and Sports (2016). Education Sector Strategic Plan 2014-2018. Kampala, Uganda.
Morris, D.S. (2016). Extracurricular Activity Participation in High School: Mechanisms Linking Participation to Math Achievement and 4-Year College Attendance. American Educational Research Journal 53(5):1376–1410.
Mugenda, M.O. and Mugenda, G.A. (2003). Research Methods: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. Acts Press
Norman, D. (2019). The Design Challenge. Boston: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Ohochukwu, J. (2018). An Exploration of Co-Curricular Involvement in Traditional- Age.
Oso, W. Y., & Onen, D. (2011). Writing Research Proposal and Report: A Handbook for Beginning Researchers, Rsvd edn. Nairobi-Kenya: The Jomo Kenyatta Foundation.
Pennay, D.W. (2014). Introducing the total survey error (TSE) framework. In: ACSPRI Journal of Social Science Methodology Conference. [Online] (November), North America, pp.1–17.
Rathore, Kashif, C., Abdul Q., Azad, Muhammad (2018). Relationship between Co-Curricular Activities and Exam Performance: Mediating Role of Attendance.
Safii, N., Zainab, S., Zulkifli, M., Juhari, N., Baharudin, S. M., & Ahmad, A. (2016). The relationships between students’ involvement in curricular activities and students’ performances in STML, UUM.
Santiago, L.M., Rosendo, I., Valente, C. et al. (2022). Compassion and Extracurricular Activities of Portuguese Health Sciences Students in Portugal. BMC Med Educ.
Schon, N. (2014). Strategies for Curbing School Mal-behavior, School Approach: England: Basil Blackwell.
Smith, D., Feldman, M. & Mat, J. (2016). The effectiveness of Co curricular in Schools. Summary of Recent Research- USA
Suskie, L. (2015). Introduction to measuring co-curricular learning. New Directions for Institutional Research, 2014(164), 5-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/ir.20111.
Whiteley, S. (2014b). Total survey error & institutional research: a case study of the university experience survey. Australasian Association for Institutional Research Forum (pp. 1–33). Melbourne, Australia.
Wissenschaftlicher, A. (2012). The Impact of Punishment on Student Learning: Experiences from Basic and Secondary Education in Tanzania.
Villalobos, A.S., Dulce, A.J.C., Fontilar, L.J., Gutierrez, D.M.C., Sawali, R.A.C.V., Almero-Encio, H. (2016). Benefits of co-curricular activities to academic performance of financial and management accounting students. Asia Pac. J. Educ. Arts Sci. 3(1), 83–93.
Yamashita, T., Millar, R.J. (2021). Likert Scale. In: Gu, D., Dupre, M.E. (eds) Encyclopedia of Gerontology and Population Aging. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22009- 9_559.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jussy Hakiigaba, Okello Gloria Lamaro, Jerry Bagaya

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.