A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Probability Concepts: Research Methods and Frameworks
Abstract
This study presents a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis focused on students' understanding of probability concepts, reflecting a growing interest in this area. It synthesises findings from 32 articles published between 2014 and 2023, selected through a structured search across multiple databases, including EBSCO, ERIC, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar. The analysis employed descriptive methods using Excel, examining various research approaches—qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods—alongside diverse research designs and data collection instruments. The results indicate that most research on probability concepts originates from Indonesia, Turkey, and the United States. Additionally, several theoretical and conceptual frameworks were identified as foundational in the reviewed studies. The authors believe this review will inform the development of systematic review procedures and enhance research designs and theoretical frameworks related to teaching probability concepts, ultimately improving students' conceptual understanding in this domain. This synthesis aims to provide a comprehensive overview that can guide future research and instructional strategies in probability education
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