The Influence of Religious Institutions’ Initiatives on Graduates Employability: A Case of the Christian Council of Tanzania (CCT) Chaplaincies

  • Godson C. Madihi Sokoine University of Agriculture
  • Angel M. Jesse Sokoine University of Agriculture
  • Emmanuel Timothy Malisa Sokoine University of Agriculture
Keywords: Graduate Employability, CCT Chaplaincies, Religious Institutions, Tanzania
Share Article:

Abstract

Graduate employability is a persistent challenge globally. Tanzania among the developing countries has been affected, despite numerous efforts by the government and other stakeholders, including religious institutions. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of religious institutions’ initiatives on graduate employability in Tanzania. Using the Christian Council of Tanzania (CCT) chaplaincies as a case study. Cross-sectional survey, a total of 160 respondents were obtained, including four leaders from the CCT head office, four Chaplains from CCT chaplaincies and finalist students from the Institute of Rural Development Planning (IRDP), University of Dodoma (UDOM), Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), and Mzumbe University (MU). Primary data were collected from key informants through interviews using a checklist of questions, and from a sample of finalist students through a structured questionnaire survey. The findings revealed a significant role played by religious institutions. The CCT’s role was manifested through chaplaincies’ activities such as communication, entrepreneurship training, and seminars. The study concludes that while religious institutions enhance employability through the development of essential soft skills and entrepreneurial abilities, these initiatives alone are insufficient to directly influence employability outcomes. The study recommends that the CCT head office and Chaplaincies should establish a specific desk or unit which among other functions will identify soft skills that limit the graduate employability and develop programmes to provide such skills in the course of the students’ training across all chaplaincies at higher learning institutions as they continue to attend CCT programmes.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

African Development Bank (AfDB). (2018). African Economic Outlook 2018. African Development Bank. https://www.afdb.org/ fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/African_Economic_Outlook_2018_-_EN.pdf

Banks, J. A. (2016). Cultural diversity and education: Foundations, curriculum, and teaching (6th ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/ 10.4324/9781315622255

Benfica, R., Cunguara, B., & Thurlow, J. (2017). Linking agricultural investments to growth and poverty: An economywide approach applied to Mozambique. Agricultural Systems, 172, 91– 100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2018.11.004

Burns, T., & Roszkowska, E. (2016). Rational choice theory: Toward a psychological, social and material contextualization of human choice behavior. Theoretical Economics Letters 6: 195–207.

Christian Council of Tanzania (CCT). (2023). Chaplaincies guidelines 2023. Christian Council of Tanzania.

Counted, V., Pargament, K. I., Bechara, A. O., Joynt, S., Cowden, R. G., Counted, V., Pargament, K. I., Bechara, A. O., & Joynt, S. (2022). Hope and well-being in vulnerable contexts during the COVID-19 pandemic: does religious coping matter? ABSTRACT. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(1), 70–81.

Delice, A. (2010). The Sampling Issues in Quantitative Research. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 10 (4).

Ebareotu, J., & Nkemdili, A. (2021). The Effects of Religious Beliefs and Practices on Employees’ Performance in Workplaces: A Study of Universities in South-South Nigeria. in Management and Social Sciences (GOJAMSS) (vol. 21).

Fox, L., Mader, P., Sumberg, J., & Flynn, J. (2020). Africa’s ‘youth employment’ crisis is actually a ‘missing jobs’ crisis. 9.

Fox, L., Senbet, L. W., and Simbanegavi, W. (2020). Youth employment in sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges, constraints, and opportunities. Journal of African Economies, 29(1), 3-41.

Haji, M. A. (2015). Assessment of resource mobilization capacity of local non-governmental organizations: The case of Mkoani District – Pemba. The Open University of Tanzania. http://repository.out.ac.tz/1979/

Helmke, G., and Levitsky, S. (2004). Informal institutions and comparative politics: A research agenda. Perspectives on Politics, 2(4), 725-740.

International Labour Organization (ILO) (2019). Global Employment Trends for Youth 2019. Geneva: ILO.

International Labour Organization (ILO). (2022). World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2022. Geneva: ILO.

International Labour Organization. (2022). Trends 2022 ILO Flagship Report World Employment and Social Outlook.

Jones, B. (2018). The role of religious institutions in youth employment: A case study of the Christian Council of Tanzania. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 9(2), 145-160.

Jones, I. (2018). Unemployment and the Response of the Churches: A Historical Conversation 1 (Issue August).

Jones, T., Power, J., Hill, A. O., Despott, N., Carman, M., Jones, T. W., Anderson, J., and Bourne, A. (2022). Religious Conversion Practices and LGBTQA + Youth. 1155–1164.

Kapama, F. (2019). Tanzania: Allocate 10pc Revenue to Special Groups, Councils Told. April, 2019.

Kessy, A. T. (2020). Higher Education and Prospects of Graduates’ Employability in Tanzania. 1735, 177–187.

Kessy, S. S. (2020). Factors influencing graduate employability in Tanzania: A case study of university graduates. Journal of Education and Practice, 11(4), 10-21.

Kilele, A. K., Nduruhu, D., & Kimani, M. (2015). Determinants of Group Loans Uptake at the Youth Enterprise Development Fund a Survey of Nakuru West Constituency, Kenya. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management United Kingdom, III (10), 820–835.

King James Bible. (2017). Holy Bible: King James Version. King James Bible Online. (Original work published 1769)

Koola, A. (2017). Assessment of youth unemployment: Challenges and opportunities.

Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research methodology: Methods and techniques. New Age International.

Lesseri, G. (2022). Leveraging Youth Employment in the Tanzania Tourism Sector: The Role of MSMEs. Tanzanian Economic Review, 11(2), 100–121. https://doi.org/10.56279/ter.v11i2.86

Mabala, R. (2019). The challenge of youth unemployment in Tanzania: Addressing the needs of out-of-school youth. International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, 7(1), 112-120.

Mabala, S. (2019). Policy Brief: How To Reduce Youth Unemployment In Tanzania. Researchgate.Https://Www.Researchgate.Net/Publication/333117602_policy_brief_how_to_reduce_youth_unemployment_in_Tanzania

Memon, M. A., Ting, H., Cheah, J. H., Thurasamy, R., Chuah, F., and Cham, T. H. (2020). Sample size for survey research: Review and recommendations. Journal of Applied Structural Equation Modeling, 4(2), 1-20.

Miaari, S. H., Yashiv, E., & Galilee, K. (2019). Youth employment in developing economies: Evidence from Africa. IZA Journal of Development and Migration, 9(2), 1-30.

Miaari, S., Khattab, N., & Johnston, R. (2019). Religion and ethnicity at work: a study of British Muslim women’s labour market performance. Quality & Quantity, 53(1), 19–47.

Mseleku, Z. (2022). From Workplace to Joblessness: The Determinants of Post-Internship Graduate Unemployment in South Africa. 2016, 330–345.

Mutarubukwa, P. (2015). The Role of Entrepreneurship in Combating Youth. Unemployment And Social Crime in Tanzania. Business Education Journal, 1(1), 16.

National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). (2021). Tanzania in Figures 2021. Ministry of Finance and Planning. https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/references/2021_Tanzania_in_Figure_English.pdf

Neo, R. (2020). Critical Studies on Security Religious securitisation and institutionalised sectarianism in Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia. Critical Studies on Security, 8(3), 203–222.

North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Ogu, M. I. (2013). Rational Choice Theory: Assumptions, Strengths, and Greatest Weaknesses in Application Outside the Western Milieu Context. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review 1(3): 90–99.

Öhlmann, P. (2022). South African Youth and the Labor Market. pp. 441–456.

Öhlmann, P. (2022). The Global Employment Challenge: Addressing Youth Unemployment. Journal of Globalization and Development, 13(1), 89-104.

Peter, C. (2014). Employment patterns in Tanzania: Trends and policy implications. African Development Review, 26(S1), 197-206.

Robertson, A. A., Weiland, D., Joe, G., Gardner, S., and Dickson, M. (2020). Recidivism Among Justice-Involved Youth Findings from JJ-TRIALS. Criminal Justice and Behaviour, Vol. 47(No. 9,), 1059–1078.

Roscoe, J. T. (1975). Fundamental Research Statistics for the Behavioural Sciences, 2nd edition. New York:

Temu, A. P. (2019). Youth’s credit accessibility and Employment Creation in Tanzania. Sokoine University of Agriculture.

United Republic of Tanzania (URT). (2021). National Five-Year Development Plan 2021/22–2025/26. Ministry of Finance and Planning. https://mof.go.tz

United Republic of Tanzania (URT). (2022). Tanzania Population and Housing Census 2022: Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile Report. National Bureau of Statistics.

Uphoff, N. (1992). Local institutions and participation for sustainable development. International Institute for Environment and Development.

Upholf, N. and Buck, L. (2006). Strengthening Rural Local Institutional Capacities for Sustainable Livelihoods and Equitable Development. Paper prepared for the Social Development Department, World Bank, Washington D.C. United States of America.

Published
1 May, 2025
How to Cite
Madihi, G., Jesse, A., & Malisa, E. (2025). The Influence of Religious Institutions’ Initiatives on Graduates Employability: A Case of the Christian Council of Tanzania (CCT) Chaplaincies. East African Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 8(1), 553-566. https://doi.org/10.37284/eajass.8.1.2928