School Climate and Retention of Teachers in Government Aided Primary Schools in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Uganda
Keywords:
Employee Welfare, Involvement, Retention, School Climate, Supervisory Support
Abstract
The influence of organisational climate on teacher retention in government-aided primary schools in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Uganda, was studied. Specifically, the study examined the influence of employee involvement, supervisory support, and employee welfare on teacher retention. A quantitative approach was employed, utilising a cross-sectional research design to survey a sample of 142 primary school teachers. Data collection was facilitated through a self-administered questionnaire, and analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis. The findings revealed that teacher retention, employee involvement, supervisory support, and employee welfare were generally rated as moderate. Inferential analysis indicated a statistically significant positive relationship between teacher retention and the three predictor variables, underscoring the importance of teacher involvement in decision-making processes, supportive supervision, and comprehensive welfare services. The study's conclusions emphasise that employee involvement is crucial for teacher retention, supervisory support is essential, and employee welfare is vital. In light of these findings, the study recommends that school administrators adopt participatory leadership practices that encourage teacher participation in decision-making and school activities. Additionally, head teachers should refine their supervisory practices to be more respectful, empowering, and responsive to teachers' needs. Prioritising the provision of comprehensive welfare services is also recommended to enhance teacher retention and ultimately improve the quality of education in government-aided primary schools.
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References
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Asokk, D., Gudda, A., Bhati, P., & Vanishree, C. T. (2021). The impact of employee involvement in decision-making on organisational performance. European Journal of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, 8(1), 1200-1213.
Bedasso, B., & Acosta, A. M. (2025). The teachers who leave: Teacher attrition in Burkina Faso. International Journal of Educational Development, 113, 103228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2025.103228
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Borman, G. D., & Dowling, N. M. (2008). Teacher attrition and retention: A meta-analytic and narrative review of the research. Review of educational research, 78(3), 367-409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0034654308321455
Chummun, B. Z., & Nleya, L. (2023). The effect of employee involvement in strategic change on the performance of insurance companies in Zimbabwe. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 16(9), 409. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16090409
Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organisational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500-507. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500
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Fukui, S., Rapp, C. A., Goscha, R., Marty, D., & Ezell, M. (2014). The perceptions of supervisory support scale. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 41(3), 353-359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0470-z
Halim, Z., Maria, Waqas, M., Edwin, C. A., & Shah, A. (2020). Identifying factors for employee retention using computational techniques: An approach to assist the decision-making process. SN Applied Sciences, 2(9), 1612. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-03415-5
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Ismail, H., & Warrak, A. (2020). The impact of high involvement management on employee retention. International Journal of Human Resource Studies 10(1), 223-233. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v10i1.16261
Jing, J., & Yan, J. (2022). Study on the effect of employees' perceived organizational support, psychological ownership, and turnover intention: A case of China’s employees. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(10), 6016. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106016
Khalid, K., &Nawab, S. (2018). Employee participation and employee retention in view of compensation. Sage Open, 8(4), 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244018810067
Khan, H. G. A. (2021). Enhancing employee retention in a supervisory support context: Role of person-organisations fit and career commitment. Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues. 11(3), 178-191. https://doi.org/10.18844/gjbem.v11i3. 5434
Kharismawan, P. Y., &Mbato, C. L. (2020). Teachers’ attrition in influencing teachers’ decision making: The view of seven early career English teachers. ICSTI. http://dx.doi.org/10. 4108/eai.20-9-2019.2292099
Knies, E., Leisink, P., & Kraus-Hoogeveen, S. (2018). Frontline managers’ contribution to mission achievement: A study of how people management affects thoughtful care. Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance, 42(2), 166-184. https://doi.org/10.1080/23303131.2017.1422067
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607- 610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308
Kundu, S. C., & Lata, K. (2017). Effects of a supportive work environment on employee retention. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 25(4), 703-722. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-12-2016-1100
Kurtessis, J. N., Eisenberger, R., Ford, M. T., Buffardi, L. C., Stewart, K. A., &Adis, C. S. (2017). Perceived organizational support: A meta-analytic evaluation of organizational support theory. Journal of Management, 43(6), 1854-1884. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206 315575554
Lameck, W. U. (2021). Determinants of employees’ retention in Tanzania local government authorities: the study of Ikungi District Council in Singida Region. African Journal of Governance and Public Leadership, 1(2), 80-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajasss.v6i2.8
Litwin, A. S., & Eaton, A. E. (2018). Complementary or conflictual? Formal participation, informal participation, and organisational performance. Human Resource Management, 57(1), 307-325. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21835
Mambula, C. J., Francis, F., & Oaya, Z. C. T. (2021). Effect of employee involvement in decision-making and organizational productivity. Archives of Business Research (ABR), 9(3), 28-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.93.9848
Masuda, K., & Yamauchi, C. (2018). The effects of universal secondary education program accompanying public-private partnership on learners' access, sorting, and achievement: Evidence from Uganda. CEI Working Paper Series 2018-4, Centre for Economic Institutions, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
Mittal, E., & Kaur, N. (2022). Articulation of employee retention through supervisory support: A serial- mediation investigation. Human Systems Management, 41(6), 717-729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/HSM-211560
Molyneaux, K. J. (2011). Uganda's universal secondary education policy and its effect on ‘empowered’women: how reduced income and moonlighting activities differentially impact male and female teachers. Research in Comparative and International Education, 6(1), 62-78. https://doi.org/10.2304/rcie.2011.6.1.62
Mpundu, M., Assan, T. E. B., & Mokoena, M. (2023). An analysis of high teacher turnover and attrition in the North-West Province of South Africa. E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 4(4), 404–414. https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.20234413
Msuya, M. S., & Kumar, A. B. (2022). The role of supervisor work-life support on the correlation between work autonomy, workload, and performance: perspective from Tanzania banking employees. Future Business Journal, 8, 26 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-022-00139-3
Mulei, K. O., Waita, K. J., Mueni, K. B., Mutune, M. J., &Kalai, J. (2016). Factors influencing teacher attrition in public secondary schools in Mbooni-East Sub-County, Kenya.International Journal of Education and Research, 4(3), 367-382.
Mugizi, W., Dafiewhare, A. O., Manyange, M., & Zikanga, D. K. (2020a). Talent development practices and work engagement of in-service teachers at a private university in Western Uganda. Journal of Educational Research and Reviews, 8(5), 57-66. https://doi.org/10.33495/jerr_v8i4.20.125
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Published
29 September, 2025
How to Cite
Aikiriize, S., Mugizi, W., Nuwatuhaire, B., & Ainomugisha, A. (2025). School Climate and Retention of Teachers in Government Aided Primary Schools in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Uganda. East African Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 8(3), 646-660. https://doi.org/10.37284/eajass.8.3.3737
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2025 Sarah Aikiriize, Wilson Mugizi, Benard Nuwatuhaire, Andrew Ainomugisha
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
