Environmental Factors Contributing to Food Insecurity in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions of Baringo County-Kenya
Résumé
Sub-Saharan countries depend on agriculture as the primary driver of their economies. It is the leading Gross Domestic Product (GDP) contributor in this region. It also provides livelihoods and subsistence crops for a significant African population. Therefore, agriculture is a fundamental instrument of securing livelihoods, improving food security and reducing poverty. Arid and Semi-arid zones cover 45.4% of the land surface of the earth, support 36% of the global population, of which 90% of them live in developing countries. However, these zones have been characterised by varied levels of food insecurity corresponding to varied levels of environmental variability and related agro-pastoral production. The objective of this study was to assess the environmental factors contributing to food insecurity in arid and semi-arid regions of Baringo County-Kenya. The study was based on a survey research design. The study was conducted in three locations of Baringo County, namely: Emining, Salabani and Loboi locations. The population of the proposed study was 3267 households distributed across the three locations. Using Yamane’s (1967) formula for small populations and the table by Krejcie & Morgan (1970), a sample size of 351 was required. The key data collection method was a structured questionnaire supplemented by Focus group discussion and a key informant guide. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Overall, the results evidenced that environmental factors had major negative impacts on food security, with 76% percent of the respondents citing its severe negative impact. Specifically, Low and unreliable rainfall (89.9%), shortage of water (87.3%), increasing cycles of drought (87.2%) and insufficient pasture for livestock (75.7%) were presented to have a major negative impact on food security. The study recommends the need to adopt a resilient agro-pastoral production system that addresses environmental shocks to promote food security in arid and semi-arid regions.
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