Jinsi Watoto Wanavyokabiliana na changamoto kwenye vitabu vya fasihi
Ikisiri
Watoto wengi wanapitia changamoto nyingi miongoni mwa walezi wao na wanajamii. Kutokana na yale wanayoyapitia pamoja na mazingira duni wanamoishi, watoto wengi hukosa mwelekeo dhabiti wa kimaadili hivyo basi kukosa mahitaji yao ya kuwawezesha kuwa na hulka zinazokubalika katika jamii. Mtafiti alinuia kuchanganua vitabu vya fasihi ya watoto ili kubainisha iwapo vitabu hivi vinaweza kutekeleza mahitaji ya watoto kupitia migogoro au changamoto vitabuni. Vitabu teule vilivyotumiwa katika utafiti vilikuwa Ahaa! Roda (2017) kilichoandikwa na Tom Nyambeka na Mwisho wa Ujambazi (2017) naye Yahya Mutuku. Nadharia iliyotumika katika utafiti huu ni nadharia ya Maadili na nadharia ya Uhalisia. Njia za utafiti zilizotumiwa ni hojaji na upekuzi wa yaliyomo kwenye vitabu teule vya fasihi ya watoto. Data iliyokusanywa ilipangwa kulingana na maswali ya utafiti na kuchanganuliwa kwa kuzingatia mkabala mseto ambapo, muundo wa QUAL-QUAN ulitumika. Mtafiti alichanganua vitabu teule vya fasihi kimaelezo akiongozwa na maswali ya utafiti. Mtafiti alikusanya data nyanjani kupitia hojaji zilizosambazwa kwa sampuli ya asilimia kumi ya watoto mia mbili kutoka darasa la saba, shule ya msingi ya Langas, Kaunti ya Uasin Gishu. Shule hii ya Langas ni shule iliyoko katika mazingira duni hivyo basi watoto wengi wanapitia changamoto nyingi za kijamii. Matokeo yalibainisha kuwa vitabu vya fasihi vinaweza kutekeleza mahitaji ya watoto kupitia migogoro vitabuni na kwamba vitabu vya fasihi ya watoto vinaweza kutoa mwelekeo kwa watoto kuhusu jinsi ya kukabiliana na changamoto katika hali halisi. Watoto 50% waliotafitiwa walikubali kuwa vitabu walivyovisoma vilikuwa changamoto ambazo waliweza kufananisha na hali halisi. Changamoto kwenye vitabu teule zilioana na changamoto halisi za watoto. Utafiti huu ulitoa mapendekezo kwa taasisi ya KICD na wizara ya elimu watumie utafiti huu kufanya tafiti zaidi ili kuchangia zaidi mitaala kwa lengo la kutekeleza mahitaji ya watoto. Walezi, walimu, wakuu wa shule watumie utafiti huu kuwalea watoto wao kwa njia mbadala na wenye manufaa. Utafiti zaidi uweze kufanywa kuhusu fasihi ya watoto kutekeleza mahitaji ya watoto kupitia changamoto zinazotokana na migogoro vitabuni. Waandishi wa vitabu pia watumie utafiti huu kuandika vitabu vilivyo na maudhui tofauti tofauti yanayoguza changamoto za watoto na hali halisi ya watoto
Upakuaji
Marejeleo
Alliance, UNICEF na WHO (2020). COVID-19: Kulinda Watoto Dhidi ya Dhuluma, Unyanyasaji na Kutelekezwa. https://www.mhinnovation.net/files/resources
Bakize, L. H. (2013). Changamoto Zinazoikabili Fasihi ya Watoto Tanzania Katika Kiswahili. Juz. 76 Dar es Salaam: Taasisi ya Taaluma za Kiswahili. Kur. 61-70.
Blake, F. (2020). Causes of Conflicts Between Parents and Teenagers. Wehavekids.com/parenting/sources-f-conflicts-between-parents-and-Teenagers.
Creswell, J, (2008). Educational research: planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and Qualitative research (3rd ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2007). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
Crippen, M, (2012). The Value of Children’s Literature. Luther.edu/oneota-reading- journalarchaive/2012/the-value-of childrens-literature.
Dada, E. M. na Olaniyan, A. S (2020). The use of Literature as a tool for Holistic Development of Students Personality; U.K, UCRTD publishers.
Danley, B. (2014). Behaviorism Theory and its Relation to Instructional Design. (faculty, Mercer. Edu/codone- s/tco363/2014/behaviorism.pdf.)
Dickens, C. (2019). - https://tvmoon,ru/sw/astrologiya-lyubvi-i-goroskopy/konfliktnye-situacii-v-literature-chto-takoe-konflikt-v.html
Gazeti La Taifa Leo, (2016, Novemba 21) Migogoro kati ya Wazee na vijana- Swahilihub- Taifa Leo. - http://www:swahilihub.com/habari/makala/migogoro- kati- ya- wazee- na vijana/13102203459328.
Gazeti La Taifa Leo, (2020, Machi 17). Shina La Uhai; Ongezeko la mimba za mapema. Fumbo linalotatiza wataalamu.
Greene, J. C., Caracelli, V. J., & Graham, W. F. (1989). Towards a Conceptual Framework Mixed Method Evaluation Designs. Educational Evaluation And Policy Analysis 11(3), 255-274. -http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737011003255
Greenwood, J. (1988). Class Readers. New York: Oxford University Press.
Heather, M. & Carmen, P. (2011). Gender Representation in a Selection of Children‘s Picture Books. A Skewed Ratio of Male to Female Characters? Undergraduate Research Journal for the Human Sciences (Online). Volume 10.
Hillman, J. (1974). An analysis of male and female roles in two periods of children‘s literature. The Journal of Educational Research, 68(2), 84-88.
Kadzin, A. E. (2001). Behaviour Modification in Applied Settings. (6th ed.). Wardsworth: Thomas Learning.
Kendra, C. (2019). History and key concepts of behavioural psychology. -https://www.verywellmind.com>behavioral-psychology-4157183
Kostelny, K., Wessells, M., Chabeda-Barthe, J., na Ondoro, K. (2013). Learning about child in urban slums: A rapid ethnographic study in two urban slums in Mombasa of community-based child protection mechanisms and their linkage with the Kenya national child protection system. London: Interagency Learning Initiative on Community-Based Child Protection Mechanisms and Child Protection Systems.
Krebs, J. (2020). How to Write Compelling Conflicts: Create Conflicts in Stories. Master Class Staff.
Lacina, J. na Stetson, R. (2013). Young Children vol 68 ,publisher National Association for the Education of Young Children NAEYC, kur 34-41.
LHRC (2017). Legal and Human Rights Centre; Siku ya mtoto wa Afrika: Changamoto zinazowakabili watoto Tanzania.
Lukov, V.A., Tyup, V.I., Propp, V.Y., Tamarchenko, N.D., Dickens, C. (2019). - https://tvmoon,ru/sw/astrologiya-lyubvi-i-goroskopy/konfliktnye-situacii-v-literature-chto-takoe-konflikt-v.html
Lyimo, E.B. (2014). “Usaguzi wa Kijinsia katika Vitabu vya Kiswahili vya Fasihi ya Watoto na Mtazamo wa Wadau nchini Tanzania.” Tasnifu ya Uzamivu ya Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam.
Mapunjo, G. C. (2014). Usawiri wa Mwanamke Kama Kiongozi Katika Tamthiliya: Uchunguzi wa Kivuli Kinaishi na Nguzo Mama (Doctoral dissertation, The Open University of Tanzania).
Martinez, M. G. Yokota, J. na Temple, C. (2018). Thinking and Learning through children literature: John Hopkins University Press.
Matundura, E, Kobia, J. na M. Mukuthuria. (2013). Taswira Dumifu za Uana katika Fasihi ya Kiswahili ya Watoto, katika Mulika, Na. 32. Dar es Salaam: Taasisi ya Taaluma za Kiswahili.
Mutuku, Y. (2017). Mwisho wa Ujambazi. Queenex Publishers Limited.
Ngugi, P. (2011): Language and Literacy Education: The State of Children's Literature in Kiswahili in Kenya. Berlin. Lambert Academic Publishing.
Ngugi, P. (2014). Fasihi ya Watoto katika Kutekeleza Mahitaji ya Kisaikolojia ya Mtoto, katika Kiswahili. Juz. 77. Dar es Salaam: Taasisi ya Taaluma za Kiswahili. 34
Ngugi, P. (2015). Mbinu na Mikakati ya Kutumia Fasihi ya Watoto kama Bibliotherapia katika Kioo cha Lugha. Juz. 13. Dar es Salaam: Taasisi ya Taaluma za Kiswahili.
Njogu, K. na Chimera, M. (1999) Ufundishaji wa Fasihi: nadharia na mbinu. Nairobi. Jomo Kenyatta Foundation.
Nyambeka, T. (2017) Ahaa! Roda. Queenex Publishers Limited.
Odaga, A. B. (1974). ―Literature for Children and Young People, Tasnifu ya B.A. Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi. (Haijachapishwa).
Porter, A. (2008). The Cambridge Introduction to Narrative: The Cambridge Introduction to Literature. Cambridge University Press.
Rokkit, (2019). Hali ya migogoro kati ya watoto wa shule na uamuzi wao. Migogoro ya darasa; Aina, uamuzi, kuzuia.- Rokkit.ru/sw/pricheski/konfliktnye-situacii-mezhdu-shkolnikami-i-ih-reshenie/
Salehi, A. (2011). Foundations and Principles of Psychological Content of Children‘s Books. Makala yaliyowasilishwa katika Kongamano la Fasihi ya watoto. Bongokok.-Psrcentre.org./ images/extraimages/36pdf. 27-2-2014.
Senkoro, E. M. K. (1987). Fasihi na Jamii. Dar es salaam: Press and Publicity Centre.
Thompson, R. A., Goodman, M. na Waters, S. F. (2018). Parent Child Conflict. Davis, CA, USA. University of California.
Wamitila, K. W. (2003). Kamusi Ya Fasihi, Istilahi na Nadharia.Nairobi: Focus Books.
Wamitila, K.W. (2008). Misingi ya Uchunguzi wa Fasihi. Nairobi. Vide – Muwa Publishers Ltd.
Wanjala F. S, (2020). Safina Ya Utafiti wa Fasihi Simulizi. Elgon Epitome Publishers Ltd.
Wanjala, F. S. (2011). Kitovu cha Fasihi Simulizi. Tanzania. Serengeti Educational Publishers.
Wasilwa, S. (2021). Kenya: NACADA-Watoto Wadogo Wanatumia Dawa za Kulevya.-dw.com/sw/Kenya-nacada-yasema-watoto-wadogo-wanatumia-dawa-za-kulevya/a-56358501
Copyright (c) 2021 Viola Jepkemboi Kiplagat, Rebecca Wanjiku Omolo, PhD, Margan Adero
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
