Variation in Soil Moisture Content and Soil Organic Carbon in Different Agroforestry Practices in Moshi Rural District, Northern Tanzania
Abstract
Agroforestry has been widely practiced in the northern highlands of Tanzania because of its prominent effects in reducing soil losses, maintaining soil moisture contents (SMCs), and improving land-use efficiency and farmer’s livelihood. We tested the hypothesis that variations of soil moisture contents in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depths from various agroforestry Practices differ significantly in intensified small-scale agroforestry systems. The relationship between SMCs and soil organic carbon was also evaluated. Soil samples were collected from 10 x 10 m2 plot in three points along the diagonal of the quadrat using soil auger. SMCs were determined by gravimetric method and expressed as SMC%. SOC was determined by Walkley and Black method and expressed as SOC %. The variation in SMCs% among the different agroforestry Practices were statistically determined by ANOVA in R software while the correlation between SMCs and SOC were statistically determined by Pearson product-moment analysis. Variation of SMCs was statistically insignificant (p>0.05) among surveyed sites. SMCs increased significantly (p<0.05) with increasing soil depth from 0-40 cm depth in all agroforestry Practices except in the mixed intercropping agroforestry practice (MAP). At 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm, SMCs differed significantly among agroforestry Practices (P = 0.071) and (P = 0.003), respectively. Coffee Intercropping Agroforestry Practice (CIAP) had higher (P<0.05) SMCs at 0-20 cm depth compared to BAP and MWPAP. But, at 20-40 cm depth, soil moisture contents in CIAP differed significantly (P<0.05) with SMCs all AFPs. SMCs showed a positively significant (P<0.05) relationship with SOC within 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depths. The current study confirms that different agroforestry practices have different influence on the amount and vertical distribution of soil moisture. Therefore, management practices in agroforestry systems should aim to encourage the use of practices which ensure a stable amount of moisture contents in the soil
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