Review of the Past, Current, and the Future Trend of the Climate Change and its Impact in Uganda
Abstract
Climate change is a big problem in Sub-Saharan Africa because it brings about prolonged droughts and heavy rainfall that destroys crops. Further, heavy rainfall amounts throughout the entire region have caused flooding and landslides, thus leaving many houses destroyed and people and animals dead. However, the past, current, and future trends of climate change and its impact in Uganda remain unachieved. In this paper, we: 1) analyse the past, current, and future climate change in Uganda; 2) determine the relationship between climate variables; and 3) review the impact of climate change in Uganda. Our study employed the use of secondary data from authentic sources such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, journal articles, and books. We used Inverse Distance Weighing interpolation to show the trend of climate change in Uganda. We employed the PCA to show the variation between climate variables in different regions in Uganda. Our data shows that the mean ± SD of temperature (25.24±3.85), rainfall (1252.5±476.9), relative humidity (63.45±7.11), and solar (19.831±1.46) from 1982 to 2019. One Way ANOVA showed a significant difference between temperature (p = 0.003), relative humidity (p = 0.00), and solar radiation (p = 0.00), while rainfall did not vary between regions (p = 0.239). Our study evidences that the current climate change impacts in Uganda include prolonged drought, which causes water stress and increases crop loss, floods, landslides, invasion of locusts, rises in lake water levels, and floating islands on Lake Victoria.
Downloads
References
Babel, M. S., & Turyatunga, E. (2015). Evaluation of climate change impacts and adaptation measures for maize cultivation in the western Uganda agro-ecological zone. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 119(1), 239–254.
Baddeley, A., Rubak, E., & Turner, R. (2015). Spatial point patterns: methodology and applications with R. CRC press.
BBC. (2020). Ugandan floating island causes national power cut. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52286296
CCKP. (2015). Climate Change Knowledge Portal (CCKP). https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/
CEPA. (2019). Agriculture as a backbone of Uganda. https://cepa.or.ug/agriculture-ugandas-key-to-sustainable-growth-and-development/
Chen, F.-W., & Liu, C.-W. (2012). Estimation of the spatial rainfall distribution using inverse distance weighting (IDW) in the middle of Taiwan. Paddy and Water Environment, 10(3), 209–222.
Desai, M. (2010). Problems Facing Small Scale Farmers in Isingiro District , Uganda : Focus on Bananas Banana Production in Isingiro District, 1–8.
Desanker, P. (2002). Impact of Climate Change on Life in Africa. WWF Climate Change Program, 1–6.
Elhadi, Y. A., Nyariki, D. M., & Wasonga, O. V. (2015). Role of camel milk in pastoral livelihoods in Kenya: contribution to household diet and income. Pastoralism, 5(1), 1–8.
European-Union. (2020). Causes of climate change. https://ec.europa.eu/clima/climate- change/causes-climate-change_en
FAO. (2021). Desert Locusts: Uganda prepares for the second wave of invasion. https://www.fao.org/uganda/news/detail- events/en/c/1380922/
International Monetary Fund. Africa Dept. (2020). Adapting to Climate Change in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Monetary Fund, April, 1–18.
IPCC. (2019). Climate Change and Land: an IPCC Special Report on Climate Change, Desertification, Land Degradation, Sustainable Land Management, Food Security, and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems.
Kiwanuka, M. Semakula M. , Kokole, . Omari H. , Ingham, . Kenneth and Lyons, . Maryinez. (2021). Uganda. Encyclopedia Britannica (pp. 1–5). https://www.britannica.com/place/Uganda
Kushaba, A. (2016). Prolonged Drought: Livestock Farmers Count Loses. https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/isingiro-livestock-farmers-count-loses-following-prolonged-dry-spell-
Lobell, D. B., & Gourdji, S. M. (2012). The influence of climate change on global crop productivity. Plant Physiology, 160(4), 1686–1697.
Lwasa, S. (2018). Drought and flood risk, impacts and adaptation options for resilience in rural communities of Uganda. International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research (IJAGR), 9(1), 36–50.
Maleika, W. (2020). Inverse distance weighting method optimization in the process of digital terrain model creation based on data collected from a multibeam echosounder. Applied Geomatics, 12(4), 397–407.
Mangheni, M. N., Sseguya, H., Bashaasha, B., & Studies, I. (2012). Evaluation naturelle de l’impact de Beauveria bassiana : Champignon enthomopathogène dans la dynamique de population de Hypothenemus hampei , scolyte de baies des cerises de Coffea canefora. Evaluation Naturelle de l’impact de Beauveria Bassiana : Champignon Enthomopathogène Dans La Dynamique de Population de Hypothenemus Hampei , Scolyte de Baies Des Cerises de Coffea Canefora, 20(2), 443–451. https://doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v20i2
Marchant, R. (2021). Climate Change in Eastern Africa. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.1004
Masiga, M. (2012). Analysis of Adaptation and Mitigation Options; Territorial Approach to Climate Change. May, 100.
Masters, G., & Norgrove, L. (2010). Climate Change and Invasive Alien Species. CABI Working Paper 1, 1(November), 30. http://prod.sgk.cabiorg.cab.semcs.net/Uploads/File/CABi worldwide/Invasive alien species working paper.pdf
McGuire, S. F. A. O., FAO, I., IFAD, & WFP. (2015). The state of food insecurity in the world 2015: meeting the 2015 international hunger targets: taking stock of uneven progress. Rome: FAO, 623-624.
Misselhorn, A. A. (2005). What drives food insecurity in southern Africa? A meta-analysis of household economy studies. Global Environmental Change, 15(1), 33–43.
Mubiru, D. N., Radeny, M., Kyazze, F. B., Zziwa, A., Lwasa, J., Kinyangi, J., & Mungai, C. (2018). Climate trends, risks and coping strategies in smallholder farming systems in Uganda. Climate Risk Management, 22, 4–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2018.08.004
Mworozi, E., Gebru, B., & Kibaya, P. (2012). Enhancing the adaptive capacity of communities to climate change induced water challenges using ICT in Uganda: project design and anticipated policy implications. Policy Brief/Climate Change Adaptation and ICT (CHAI); No. 1.
Nagasha, J. I., Ocaido, M., & Kaase-Bwanga, E. (2019). Attitudes, practices and knowledge of communities towards climate change around Lake Mburo National Park Uganda: A Gender Centered Analysis. African Social Science Review, 10(1), 3.
NBS. (2016). Famine hits Isingiro. https://nbs.ug/2016/10/famine-hits-isingiro/
Newvision. (2017). ReliefNewvision, Drought: Isingiro people get food. https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1444809/drought-isingiro-people-food-relief
Nimusiima, A., Basalirwa, Majaliwa, J. G. M., Otim Nape, Okello Onen, J., Rubaire Akiiki, C., Konde Lule, J., & Ogwal Byenek, S. (2013). Nature and dynamics of climate variability in the uganda cattle corridor. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 7(8), 770– 782. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2013.1435
NTV. (2021). Residents lose homes and gardens to rising water levels along Lake Kyoga. https://www.ntv.co.ug/ug/news/national/residents-lose-homes-and-gardens-to-rising-water-levels-along-lake-kyoga-3479854
Obubu, J. P., Mengistou, S., Fetahi, T., Alamirew, T., Odong, R., & Ekwacu, S. (2021). Recent Climate Change in the Lake Kyoga Basin, Uganda: An Analysis Using Short-Term and Long-Term Data with Standardized Precipitation and Anomaly Indexes. Climate, 9(12), 179.
Raworth, K., & Oxfam, G. B. (2008). Gender and climate adaptation. Briefing Paper, February, Oxfam GB.
Ruwoldt, G. (2013). Food insecurity and climate change. American Journal of Public Health, 103(1), E1.
Sabiiti, G., Ininda, J. M., Ogallo, L. A., Ouma, J., Artan, G., Basalirwa, C., Opijah, F., Nimusiima, A., Ddumba, S. D., & Mwesigwa, J. B. (2018). Adapting agriculture to climate change: suitability of banana crop production to future climate change over Uganda. In Limits to Climate Change Adaptation (pp. 175–190). Springer.
Sridharan, V., Ramos, E. P., Zepeda, E., Boehlert, B., Shivakumar, A., Taliotis, C., & Howells, M. (2019). The Impact of Climate Change on Crop Production in Water and Energy Implications. Water, 2019, 24. https://res.mdpi.com/d_attachment/water/water-11-01805/article_deploy/water-11-0
Teixeira, E. I., Fischer, G., Van Velthuizen, H., Walter, C., & Ewert, F. (2013). Global hot-spots of heat stress on agricultural crops due to climate change. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 170, 206–215.
Twinomuhangi, R., Sseviiri, H., Mulinde, C., Mukwaya, P. I., Nimusiima, A., & Kato, A. M. (2021). Perceptions and vulnerability to climate change among the urban poor in Kampala City, Uganda. Regional Environmental Change, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-021-01771-5
Twongyirwe, R., Mfitumukiza, D., Barasa, B., Naggayi, B. R., Odongo, H., Nyakato, V., & Mutoni, G. (2019). Perceived effects of drought on household food security in South-western Uganda: Coping responses and determinants. Weather and Climate Extremes, 24(January), 100201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2019.100201
UNDP. (2012). United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)Climate Change Country Profiles: Uganda. https://www.google.com/search?q=Climate+Change+Information+Fact+Sheet+UGANDA&oq=Climate+Change+Information+Fact+Sheet+UGANDA&aqs=chrome..69i57.858j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
UNFCCC. (2011). Climate Change Science - The Status of Climate Change Science Today. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. https://unfccc.int/files/press/backgrounders/application/pdf/press_factsh_science.pdf
USAID. (2013). Uganda climate change vulnerability assessment. USAID African and Latin American Resilience to Climate Change (ARCC). 0–77.
Wangalwa, R., Olet, E. A., Kagoro-Rugunda, G., Tolo, C. U., Ogwang, P. E., & Barasa, B. (2021). Occurrence of Citropsis articulata in tropical forests in Uganda: implication for ex situ conservation. International Journal of Forestry Research, 2021.
World Bank. (2019). Ugandan Government Steps Up Efforts to Mitigate and Adapt to Climate Change. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2019/05/31/ugandan-government-steps-up-efforts-to-mitigate-and-adapt-to-climate-change
World Meteorological Organization (WMO). (2021). State of the Climate in Africa 2020 (Issue 1275). https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=10914
Yang, W., Zhao, Y., Wang, D., Wu, H., Lin, A., & He, L. (2020). Using principal components analysis and IDW interpolation to determine spatial and temporal changes of surface water quality of Xin’anjiang river in Huangshan, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8), 2942.
Zziwa, E., Mpairwe, D., Mugasi, S. K., & Laswai, G. H. (2015). Beef production practices and responses to climate change in the rangelands of Lake Victoria basin in Uganda. International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 5(2), 121–130.
Copyright (c) 2022 Upton Nuwagira, Igga Yasin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
