Ultra Enhancement of the Resolution of the Divergence Beam-Based SPR Sensor Using a Wavelet Filter

Jordan H. Hossea

doi:10.37284/eaje.7.1.2365

Jordan H. Hossea Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37284/eaje.7.1.2365

Keywords: Wavelet filter, SPR Sensor, Divergence Beam, Resolution, Combined Sensitivity Factor (CSF)

Share Article:

Abstract

Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensors are highly sensitive to refractive index variations, making them ideal for biosensing and chemical detection applications. However, their performance can be constrained by noise, resolution limits, and signal distortions, particularly in divergence beam-based configurations. This research presents an ultra-enhancement of the performance of divergence beam-based SPR sensors by employing advanced wavelet filtering techniques. Wavelets, with their multi-resolution analysis capability, are applied to denoise and refine the sensor signal, significantly improving key performance metrics, including resolution, mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), sensitivity matrix (SM), and combined sensitivity factor (CSF).The wavelet filter effectively decomposes the SPR signal into distinct frequency bands, separating noise while retaining high-frequency components required for accurate sensing. This results in a significant reduction in MSE and RMSE of 30 and 92.26%, respectively, while simultaneously improving SNR by 54.08%, maintaining signal quality. The wavelet filter significantly improved the resolution of the SPR sensor by 99.95% (1.3772×10-7 RIU), allowing for more precise detection of refractive index changes and boosting diverge beam-based SPR sensor performance. In addition, a sensitivity matrix (SM) and combined sensitivity factor (CSF) were improved by 42 and 41.94%, respectively, allowing for a more thorough evaluation of the sensor's performance across multiple operational parameters. Simulation and experimentation show that wavelet filtering surpasses standard filtering approaches in terms of noise suppression and signal clarity. This technology has considerable potential for improving the accuracy and reliability of SPR sensors in high-sensitivity applications

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aggarwal, R., Singh, J. K., Gupta, V. K., Rathore, S., Tiwari, M., & Khare, A. (2011). Noise reduction of speech signal using wavelet transform with modified universal threshold. International Journal of Computer Applications, 20(5), 14-19.

Bahrami, F., Alam, M., Aitchison, J., & Mojahedi, M. (2013). Dual polarization measurements in the hybrid plasmonic biosensors. Plasmonics, 8, 465-473.

Balan, S., Khaparde, A., Tank, V., Rade, T., & Takalkar, K. (2014). Under water noise reduction using wavelet and savitzky-golay. Paper presented at the Second international conference on computational science and engineering.

Boecker, D., Zybin, A., Niemax, K., Grunwald, C., & Mirsky, V. M. (2008). Noise reduction by multiple referencing in surface plasmon resonance imaging. Review of scientific instruments, 79(2).

Boruah, R., Mohanta, D., Choudhury, A., Nath, P., & Ahmed, G. A. (2015). Surface plasmon resonance-based protein bio-sensing using a Kretschmann configured double prism arrangement. IEEE Sensors Journal, 15(12), 6791-6796.

Ceballos-Zumaya, J., Sustaita-Torres, I., Pérez-Huerta, J., Ariza-Flores, D., & Madrigal-Melchor, J. (2024). Performance parameters as a function of graphene’s chemical potential for SPR biosensor based on 2D materials. Optik, 172013.

Chan, B. L., & Jutamulia, S. (2012). SPR prism sensor using laser line generator. Paper presented at the Plasmonics in Biology and Medicine IX.

Chen, R., Wang, M., Wang, S., Liang, H., Hu, X., Sun, X., Hu, J. (2015). A low-cost surface plasmon resonance biosensor using a laser line generator. Optics Communications, 349, 83-88.

Chinowsky, T., Quinn, J., Bartholomew, D., Kaiser, R., & Elkind, J.(2003). Performance of the Spreeta 2000 integrated surface plasmon resonance affinity sensor. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 91(1-3), 266-274.

Dai, J., & Fu, L.-h. (2024). Denoising of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Spectra Using the Generalized S-transform and the Bald Eagle Search (BES) Algorithm. Analytical Letters, 57(11), 1778-1788.

de Aguiar, G. M., Souza, L. C., de Souza, D. F., & Oliveira, L. C. (2022). Combination of digital image processing and statistical data segmentation to enhance SPR and SPRi sensor responses. Plasmonics, 17(3), 1033-1039.

Didar, R. F., & Vahed, H. (2023). Improving the performance of high‐sensitivity surface plasmon resonance biosensor with 2D nanomaterial coating (BP‐WS2) based on hybrid structure: Theoretical analysis. IET Optoelectronics, 17(6), 284-293.

Dostálek, J., Homola, J., & Miler, M. (2005). Rich information format surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on array of diffraction gratings. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 107(1), 154-161.

Goodman, J. W. (2007). Speckle phenomena in optics: theory and applications: Roberts and Company Publishers.

Hickel, W., & Knoll, W. (1991). Time-and spatially resolved surface plasmon optical investigation of the photodesorption of Langmuir-Blodgett multilayer assemblies. Thin Solid Films, 199(2), 367-373.

Homola, J. (2008). Surface plasmon resonance sensors for detection of chemical and biological species. Chemical reviews, 108(2), 462-493.

Homola, J., Yee, S. S., & Gauglitz, G. (1999). Surface plasmon resonance sensors. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 54(1-2), 3-15.

Hossea, J., & WidJaJa, J. (2020). Effects of Prism Types and Materials on Divergent Beam Illumination and Detection in Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Sensors. International

Journal of Laser Science: Fundamental Theory & Analytical Methods, 2(1).

Hossea, J. H., & Rugumira, G. (2024). Analytical Design of a Portable Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor by Using a Divergence Beam for Measuring Multiple Heavy Metals and Other Contamination Simultaneously. East African Journal of Engineering, 7(1), 148-161.

Hossea, J. H., & Widjaja, J. (2017). Design of surface plasmon resonance biosensors by using powell lens. Paper presented at the 2017 International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON).

Hu, J., Cao, B., Wang, S., Li, J., Wei, W., Zhao, Y., . . . Sun, X. (2016). Design and fabrication of an angle-scanning based platform for the construction of surface plasmon resonance biosensor. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 78, 1-7.

Huang, Y., Zhang, L., Zhang, H., Li, Y., Liu, L., Chen, Y., . . . Yu, D. (2020). Development of a portable SPR sensor for nucleic acid detection. Micromachines, 11(5), 526.

Isaacs, S., & Abdulhalim, I. (2015). Long range surface plasmon resonance with ultra-high penetration depth for self-referenced sensing and ultra-low detection limit using diverging beam approach. Applied physics letters, 106(19).

Karabchevsky, A., Karabchevsky, S., & Abdulhalim, I. (2011). Fast surface plasmon resonance imaging sensor using Radon transform. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 155(1), 361-365.

Kretschmann, E. (1971). The determination of the optical constants of metals by excitation of surface plasmons. Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and nuclei, 241, 313-324.

Kretschmann, E., & Raether, H. (1968). Radiative decay of nonradiative surface plasmons excited by light. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A, 23(12), 2135-2136.

Lee, S., & Kim, J. (2015). Discrete wavelet transform-based denoising technique for advanced state-of-charge estimator of a lithium-ion battery in electric vehicles. Energy, 83, 462-473.

Lenferink, A. T., Kooyman, R., & Greve, J. (1991). An improved optical method for surface plasmon resonance experiments. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 3(4), 261-265.

Lin, C., & Chen, S. (2019). Design of high-performance Au-Ag-dielectric-graphene based surface plasmon resonance biosensors using genetic algorithm. Journal of Applied Physics, 125(11).

Ma, K., Liu, L., Zhang, P., He, Y., & Peng, Q. (2019). Optimization of angle-pixel resolution for angular plasmonic biosensors. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 283, 188-197.

Mohanty, B. C., & Kasiviswanathan, S. (2005). Two-prism setup for surface plasmon resonance studies. Review of scientific instruments, 76(3).

Moreira, C., Lima, A., Neff, H., & Thirstrup, C. (2008). Temperature-dependent sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance sensors at the gold–water interface. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 134(2), 854-862.

Ohkita, H., Abe, Y., Kojima, H., Tagaya, A., & Koike, Y. (2004). Birefringence reduction method for optical polymers by the orientation-inhibition effect of silica particles. Applied physics letters, 84(18), 3534-3536.

Oliveira, L. C., Lima, A. M. N., Thirstrup, C., & Neff, H. F. (2019). Surface plasmon resonance sensors: a materials guide to design, characterization, optimization, and usage (Vol. 70): Springer.

Otto, A. (1968). Excitation of nonradiative surface plasma waves in silver by the method of frustrated total reflection. Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and nuclei, 216(4), 398-410.

Patskovsky, S., Meunier, M., Prasad, P. N., & Kabashin, A. V. (2010). Self-noise-filtering phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance biosensing. Optics express, 18(14), 14353-14358.

Pavlov, I., Vedyashkina, A., & Yanina, G. (2019). The choice of an image processing algorithm for increasing sensitivity of the surface plasmon resonance method. Paper presented at the Journal of Physics: Conference Series.

Pluchery, O., Vayron, R., & Van, K.-M. (2011). Laboratory experiments for exploring the surface plasmon resonance. European journal of physics, 32(2), 585.

Sharma, A. K., & Dominic, A. (2017). Influence of chemical potential on graphene-based SPR sensor’s performance. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 30(1), 95-98.

Vlcek, J., Pistora, J., & Lesnák, M. (2009). Sensitivity enhancement in surface plasmon resonance sensors: theoretical modeling. Paper presented at the Optical Sensors 2009.

Wang, G., Wang, K., Ren, J., Ma, S., & Li, Z. (2022). A novel doublet-based surface plasmon resonance biosensor via a digital Gaussian filter method. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 360, 131680.

Wang, T., Zhang, C., Aleksov, A., Salama, I., & Kar, A. (2016). Effect of large deflection angle on the laser intensity profile produced by acousto-optic deflector scanners in high precision manufacturing. Journal of Laser Applications, 28(1).

Widjaja, J., & Hossea, J. (2021). Experimental Validations of Divergent Beam Illumination and Detection Conditions in a Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Using a Powell Lens. Lasers in Engineering (Old City Publishing), 48.

Yamamoto, M. (2002). Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) theory: tutorial. Review of Polarography, 48(3), 209-237.