Understanding the Dynamics of Violence against Women in Arusha District Council

Abstract

This study explores the prevalence, forms, and underlying factors contributing to violence against women (VAW) in Arusha District Council, Tanzania. Employing a cross-sectional design, the study combined quantitative and qualitative approaches, collecting primary data through questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions, complemented by secondary sources such as research reports, dissertations, and statistical surveys. A sample of 100 women aged 18–60 years was selected using Yamane’s formula, while nine key informants, including community leaders and service providers, were purposively engaged. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyse quantitative data, while qualitative data were examined through content analysis. Findings revealed that younger women (18–30 years) were the most vulnerable, with 53.3% reporting exposure to violence. Common forms of abuse included wife battery (52.5%), coerced sexual contact (38.4%), marital rape (19%), economic deprivation (67.5%), and emotional abuse (47%). Husbands were identified as the main perpetrators (64.9%), with cultural norms, economic dependency, and patriarchal attitudes reinforcing the cycle of abuse. Despite community initiatives such as One Stop Centres and Child Rights Clubs, challenges persist due to underreporting, stigma, weak law enforcement, and cultural resistance. The study concludes that a holistic, multi-sectoral approach integrating legal, social, and economic interventions is essential to address systemic gender inequalities and ensure women’s safety and empowerment