A Semantic Classification of the Functions of Runyankore-Rukiga Associative Modifiers

Abstract

This article aims to explore the different semantic functions of Runyankore-Rukiga associative modifiers. An associative modifier is part of the associative nominal, comprised of an associative element and a nominal that restricts the meaning of the head.  Studies indicate that the semantic functions of associative modifiers have traditionally been viewed as too many to be listed or even subjected to a systematic analysis, and that any attempts made to analyse them usually end in futility. The article argues that these functions can be analysed and classified in a systematic manner. Data for this study are from the elicitation, Runya and Makerere Nkore-kiga corpora. Native speakers were asked to provide a paraphrase of the selected associative nominals, and then the paraphrases provided were used to identify the functions of the associative modifiers. The study invoked the theory of complex nominals to identify the semantic functions of associative modifiers. Findings indicate that the semantic functions of Runyankore-Rukiga associative modifiers can be classified under the possessive, causative, compositional, appositional, instrumental, purposive, benefactive, locative, spatial, temporal, topical, and source functions. The study departs from the traditional approach of classifying associative nominals under possessive constructions by proposing a new strategy of classifying them.