Mapping Women in Prisons Skills Development for Reintegration in the Communities of Aden Region, Yemen

Abstract

This study explored the social, psychological and economic needs of incarcerated women in Yemen, particularly their preparation for reintegration, and how these needs impact their successful integration into their respective communities. The struggle for skill acquisition among women in Yemen is closely tied to limited access to capital for income-generating activities, with financial resources typically controlled by male counterparts. Gender disparities in the treatment and support of female prisoners are prevalent globally, as women represent about 7% of the global prison population, with over 700,000 incarcerated women worldwide (World Prison Brief, 2023). Research indicates that up to 80% of jailed women have experienced trauma, and nearly 50% suffer from mental health issues (Woods, 2015; Van Olphen et al., 2009). This study adopted an exploratory qualitative approach, utilising in-depth interviews with 24 participants, including both prison staff and incarcerated women. The findings reveal a significant gap in structural interventions addressing the skill development needs of incarcerated women in Yemen, which hinders their successful reintegration into society. There is a clear link between the skills required for reintegration and the root causes of female incarceration in Yemen’s prison system. Despite these challenges, many formerly incarcerated women express a strong desire to avoid reoffending by engaging in locally driven income-generating activities that could foster self-reliance and economic independence. Future research should explore the reasons behind the community's resistance to addressing the skill needs of incarcerated women, despite Yemen’s commitment to international conventions. Additionally, the role of international and local NGOs in supporting these needs warrants further investigation, particularly regarding the effectiveness and sustainability of their interventions