Performance Evaluation of IEEE 802.11p Enhanced Distributed Channel Access based on Vehicular Ad-hoc Network Characteristics

Alice Nduta Mwangi; Waweru Mwangi; Salesio M. Kiura

doi:10.37284/eajit.5.1.835

Alice Nduta Mwangi Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
Waweru Mwangi, PhD Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
Salesio M. Kiura, PhD The Technical University of Kenya

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37284/eajit.5.1.835

Keywords: VANET- Vehicular Ad-hoc Network, ITS – Intelligent Transport System, V2V- Vehicle to Vehicle, EDCA – Enhanced Distributed Channel Access, MAC – Medium Access Control

Share Article:

Abstract

Kenyan road accidents increased by 20% between January 2015 to January 2020 with fatalities from road traffic accidents (RTAs) rising to 1.3 million per year. More than 93% of these accidents occur in low-income and middle-income countries like Kenya. Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a subclass of Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) that constitute mobile nodes deployed on all road networks. Network performance is affected by VANET characteristics, i.e., dynamic topology, high-speed nodes, varying vehicle density, and frequently switched links. This research focused on performance evaluation of the IEEE 802.11p Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) mechanism using: node speed and node density. The methodology used two scenarios, the highway and rural roads. To demonstrate these scenarios, we used various tools such as OpenStreetMap and SUMO to generate a real mobility model that gives aspects of real-life traffic. The generated scenarios were exported to a Network Simulator (NS 3.31) in order to evaluate the performance of 802.11p. To evaluate the effectiveness of 802.11p, we compared its performance with 802.11a. Performance metrics used were throughput, packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay. The results obtained showed that 802.11p is better and more effective than 802.11a in both highway and rural scenarios.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Akkari Sallum, E. El, Dos Santos, G., Alves, M., & Santos, M. M. (2018). Performance analysis and comparison of the DSDV, AODV and OLSR routing protocols under VANETs. Proceedings of 2018 16th International Conference on Intelligent Transport System Telecommunications, ITST 2018, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2018.8566825

Al-Absi, M. A., Abdulhakim Al-Absi, A., & Lee, H. J. (2018). Performance Analysis for City, Highway, and Rural Area in Vehicle-to-Vehicle Network. 9th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence: ICT Convergence Powered by Smart Intelligence, ICTC 2018, 639–644. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTC.2018.8539418

Anupriya, V., Sangavi, S., Shivani, P. C., & Vinu Dharany, P. (2020). An Efficient Approach for Vehicle Traffic Monitoring by Collaborating Vehicular Mobility Module and Network Simulator 3. Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems, ICICCS 2020, 379–384. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICCS48265.2020.9121007

Benabdallah, F., Hamza, A., & Bechrif, M. (2018). Simulation and analysis of VANETS performances based on the choice of mobility model. Proceedings of Computing Conference 2017, 2018-Janua (July), 1238–1242. https://doi.org/10.1109/SAI.2017.8252248

Campolo, C., Molinaro, A., & Scopigno, R. (2015). From today’s VANETs to tomorrow’s planning and the bets for the day after. Vehicular Communications, 2(3), 158–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vehcom.2015.06.002

Eclipse SUMO - Simulation of Urban MObility. (n.d.). Retrieved April 13, 2021, from https://www.eclipse.org/sumo/

Finansów, A., & Vistula -Warszawa, B. (2018). Iwona Dolińska The EDCA Implementation in NS-3 Network Simulator. Znuv, 59(2), 19–29.

Fitah, A., Badria, A., Moughit, M., & Sahel, A. (2018). Performance of DSRC and WIFI for intelligent transport systems in VANET. Procedia Computer Science, 127, 360–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.01.133

Fonseca, A., & Vazão, T. (2013). Applicability of position-based routing for VANET in highways and urban environment. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 36(3), 961–973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2012.03.009

Hamdi, M. M., Audah, L., Rashid, S. A., Mohammed, A. H., Alani, S., & Mustafa, A. S. (2020). A Review of Applications, Characteristics and Challenges in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). HORA 2020 - 2nd International Congress on Human-Computer Interaction, Optimisation and Robotic Applications, Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1109/HORA49412.2020.9152928

I. Meneguette, R., E. De Grande, R., & A. F. Loureiro, A. (2018). Intelligent Transport System in Smart Cities. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93332-0

Janevski, T. (2019). QoS for Fixed and Mobile Ultra-Broadband (1st Editio). John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119470519

Joseph, A. D. (2006). Intelligent Transportation Systems. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 5(4), 63–67. https://doi.org/10.1109/MPRV.2006.77

Lim, K. G., Lee, C. H., Chin, R. K. Y., Beng Yeo, K., & Teo, K. T. K. (2017). SUMO enhancement for vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) simulation. Proceedings - 2017 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Automatic Control and Intelligent Systems, I2CACIS 2017, 2017-Decem (October), 86– 91. https://doi.org/10.1109/I2CACIS.2017.8239038

Lopez, P. A., Behrisch, M., Bieker-Walz, L., Erdmann, J., Flotterod, Y. P., Hilbrich, R., Lucken, L., Rummel, J., Wagner, P., & Wiebner, E. (2018). Microscopic Traffic Simulation using SUMO. IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Proceedings, ITSC, 2018-Novem, 2575–2582. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2018.8569938

Macharia, W. M., Njeru, E. K., Muli-Musiime, F., & Nantulya, V. (2009). Severe road traffic injuries in Kenya, quality of care and access. African Health Sciences, 9(2), 118–124. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v9i2.43772

Mallissery, S., Pai, M. M. M., Mehbadi, M., Pai, R. M., & Wu, Y. S. (2019). Online and offline communication architecture for vehicular ad-hoc networks using NS3 and SUMO simulators. Journal of High Speed Networks, 25(3), 253–271. https://doi.org/10.3233/JHS-190615

Manyara, C. G. (2016). Combating Road Traffic Accidents in Kenya: A Challenge for an Emerging Economy. Kenya After 50, 2, 101–122. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137574633_7

Mogambi, H., & Nyakeri, F. (2015). Media priming of road traffic accidents in kenya: Praxis, patterns, and issues. SAGE Open, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244015606491

Muchene, L. K. (2015). Road accidents in Kenya : a case of poor road network or human error ? Engineeering, August, 25–30.

Muguro, J. K., Sasaki, M., Matsushita, K., & Njeri, W. (2020). Trend analysis and fatality causes in Kenyan roads: A review of road traffic accident data between 2015 and 2020. Cogent Engineering, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2020.1797981

Muschik, W. (2016). Future Intelligent Vehicular Technologies. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 24(6), 876–882. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51207-5

National Transport and Safety Authority. (n.d.). Retrieved April 8, 2021, from https://www.ntsa.go.ke/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=237

ns-3 | a discrete-event network simulator for internet systems. (n.d.). Retrieved April 20, 2021, from https://www.nsnam.org/

OpenStreetMap. (n.d.). Retrieved April 13, 2021, from https://www.openstreetmap.org/help

Shakeel, S. M., Rehman, O. M. H., Ould-Khaoua, M., & Bourdoucen, H. (2015). Open Source Software Support for Field Experiments of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks. 69–72.

Toroyan, T., Peden, M. M., & Iaych, K. (2013). WHO launches second global status report on road safety. Injury Prevention, 19(2), 150. https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2013-040775

Zaidi, T., Giri, S., Srivastava, K., & Chaurasia, S. (2018). Realistic Scenario Based VANET Analysis through Sumo and NS3. International Journal of Sensors, Wireless Communications and Control, 8(2), 140–148. https://doi.org/10.2174/2210327908666180605093749

Zear, A., Singh, P. K., & Singh, Y. (2016). Intelligent transport system: A progressive review. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(32). https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i32/100713

Zheng, Z., Wang, Z., Zhu, L., & Jiang, H. (2020). Determinants of the congestion caused by a traffic accident in urban road networks. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 136(October 2019), 105327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2019.105327

Zulfiker Ali, M., Mišić, J., & Mišić, V. B. (2018). An RSU controlled IEEE 802.11ac based MAC protocol for multi-vehicle uplink transmission in VANET. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2017-Septe, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCFall.2017.8288265

Zusha! - The Life You Can Save. (n.d.). Retrieved March 17, 2021, from https://www.thelifeyoucansave.org/best-charities/zusha/