Predictors of Metabolic Disorders among Adolescents Aged 13-17 Years ln Lang’ata Sub-County, Nairobi, Kenya
Abstract
Background: There has been a documented surge in the prevalence of metabolic disorders, notably obesity, in Kenya, especially in urban areas, constituting a severe epidemiological health problem. This study aimed to determine the predictors of metabolic disorders among adolescents aged 13-17 years in Lang’ata Sub-County, Nairobi County, Kenya, since diabetes and hypertension are the ones of concern in the school health program. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was employed. A total of 216 adolescents aged 13–17 years enrolled in 5-day schools were randomly selected. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analysed using SPSS software Version 28. Socio-demographic variables were analysed using univariate descriptive statistics, while categorical variables were analysed using inferential statistics and logistic regression. The study was underpinned by the Socioecological Model, which considers individual, interpersonal, organisational, and environmental influences on adolescent health behaviours related to metabolic outcomes. Results: The prevalence of metabolic disorders was 13%. Multivariate regression analysis revealed the following protective factors: attending public schools (AOR 0.60, 95% CI 0.38–0.91), participating in sporting activities in school AOR 0.60 (95% CI 0.42–0.85); P<0.001and those who took part in home-based activities AOR 0.20 (95% CI 0.08–0.49); P<0.001. Protective factors against adolescent depression as AOR <1. Significant risk factors included being female (AOR 3.50, 95% CI 2.10–5.80, P<0.001) and having a family history of lifestyle disorders (AOR 2.10, 95% CI 1.30–3.40, P<0.001). Conclusions: The study demonstrated that females had a higher prevalence of metabolic disorders (obesity and pre-hypertension) than males. Key determinants included the type of school attended, previous lifestyle disease diagnosis, and family history of lifestyle disorders. Addressing these factors through awareness and targeted interventions is crucial for managing metabolic disorders among adolescents.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Leela Sunil Mahajan, Micah Matiang’i, PhD, Lucy Natecho Namusonge, PhD
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