The Hills and The Valleys: A Synthesis of CSA’s counter-opposition strategies to Comprehensive Sexuality Education Content and Delivery in Kenya

Ndayala Phoebe Didi; Christine Wambui Njuguna; Humphres Evelia

doi:10.37284/eajhs.8.3.3807

Ndayala Phoebe Didi Kenyatta University
Christine Wambui Njuguna Kenyatta University
Humphres Evelia Centre for the Study of Adolescence

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37284/eajhs.8.3.3807

Keywords: Comprehensive Sexuality Education, Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR), Advocacy, Opposition, Anti-rights

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Abstract

The implementation of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) and Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) in Kenya faces persistent opposition, particularly from conservative and faith-based communities, presenting significant challenges to CSE program acceptance and delivery. This paper examines the perception of resistance to the adoption of CSE in Kenya. It further analyses the strategies employed to address these challenges. Among these strategies are engaging religious leaders, promoting culturally sensitive content, and rebranding CSE as 'Reproductive Health Education which offers lessons for future advocacy. We present a comprehensive analysis of the CSE opposition landscape and engagement strategies through a systematic review of three Centre for the Study of Adolescence (CSA) assessment reports carried out between 2023 and 2024. The research specifically examines the economic, cultural, religious, political, and educational barriers to CSE, while assessing the effectiveness of various strategies and engagement approaches to countering opposition to CSE in Kenya. Through rigorous systemic review of CSA's programmatic experiences, the study identifies critical patterns in opposition manifestation, particularly around content appropriateness, age-specific considerations, and cultural-religious compatibility. The findings reveal a complex interplay between stakeholder concerns and successful intervention strategies. The research highlights CSA's successful integration of digital media platforms, use of youth champions, and youth-led advocacy initiatives, which have proven particularly effective in enhancing SRHR discussions among young people. The evidence-based recommendations include regular community awareness to address misconceptions, engagement of religious leaders and conservative groups to reduce opposition. Strengthening monitoring and evaluation of opposition management efforts, enhancing cross-sectoral collaboration, and building sustainable community support mechanisms for CSE programs.

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