Effect of Climate Change on Diarrhoea Diseases among Under-Five Children: A Scoping Review
Résumé
Background/ objective: Diarrhoea diseases continue to pose a serious threat to worldwide public health, especially among under-five children. This review paper aims to pool together the accessible evidence regarding the impacts of climate change on diarrhoea disease among under-five children. Methods: This review paper utilises PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to collect data from original articles published globally between 2010 and 2024. Initially, 150 articles were downloaded, and after screening using Rayyan software, 29 articles were selected based on eligibility criteria. The study follows the PRISMA statement as its protocol and conducts qualitative data analysis. Results: Maximum temperature and extreme rainfall were significantly associated with increased incidences of diarrhoea among those under five in 69% of the articles reviewed. Meanwhile, 31% of the publications also addressed the effects of seasonal changes and extreme events such as heat waves, droughts, and flooding on diarrhoea episodes in this age group. The reported incidence of diarrhoea among children under five ranged from 0.19% to 74.2% across different regions. Conclusions: There is a strong positive correlation between under-five diarrhoea and various meteorological factors, such as temperature and heavy rainfall, as well as extreme events (drought, flooding, cyclones, and heat waves). The findings demonstrate the urgent need for public health interventions
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