Biogas Production from Biomass Kitchen Waste Laced with Cow Dung in a Modified Laboratory - Scale Anaerobic Digester
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is an effective method for organic pollution reduction and bio-energy production and has increasing applications worldwide. Produced biogas consists mainly of 50–70% methane and 30–50% carbon dioxide. The most common utilization route of biogas is for electricity production, often combined with utilization of the excess heat. This widens up the opportunities to utilize biogas in distant energy consumption locations. The study sort to design, build a laboratory-scale biogas digester and test and optimize the gas production from different types of organic kitchen wastes. Biomass Kitchen waste was collected, as feedstock for a laboratory-scale anaerobic digester (10L capacity) to produce biogas. This was done within a temperature range of 25°C - 35°C and in an alkaline environment maintained by adding a medium of sodium hydroxide. It was set to operate at constant gas pressure. The study has shown that using the displacement of water method in an inverted siphon system, we can sustain high pressure of the stored gas. The same idea can be used to pump this biogas to places far away from the digester for consumption. The biogas produced was then analyzed for its energy potential. The power potential of biogas produced by co-digesting kitchen waste and cow dung was found to be 22,461.77W/m3. Pure methane has a power potential of 37,258.9W/m3. Therefore, the methane percentage in the biogas collected in this study was 60.29%. The gas was also taken through gas chromatography to assess its constituents. Cow dung and starch were found to produce a higher percentage of methane. It is envisaged that the gas generated and the process friendly cost, will be a perfect alternative source of cleaner, safer and cheaper energy source as compared to the expensive and environmentally unfriendly traditional sources such as firewood, charcoal and petroleum products. This has great domestic and commercial application if exploited.
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Copyright (c) 2019 Wellington Andati, Danstone Lilechi Baraza, Maxwell Mageto
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