Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination of Surface Dust from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment at Odogbolu Local Government Area of Ogun State in Southwestern Nigeria
Abstract
In developing countries, electronic waste is a subject of concern in the environmental challenge due to the import of electronics that are not useful from developed countries. The developed country exports the waste as a source of donation to the developing country but the majority of those electronics are waste that contains toxic metals which are harmful to human health. This research work assessed electronic dumpsite to detect the concentrations of heavy metals present in the soil and around the dumpsites. Three dumpsites were considered in the Odogbolu Local government area of Ogun State where the soil samples in the sites were tested to know the concentration of heavy metals present which constitutes an environmental hazard to both human beings and the ecosystem. This was compared with a control that was taken from an electronic waste free site. The atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) was used for the analysis and the heavy metals analysed were Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Zinc (Zn), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), Cobalt (Co), Iron (Fe) and Arsenic (As). Our findings show that zinc and iron exist in the soil at high concentrations. When the data compared with WHO’s standard confirmed that Zinc, Iron, and lead are of higher concentration in the samples. However, zinc intake beyond the permissible limits produces toxic effects in the immune system, iron causes nausea and stomach pain while lead causes physical disorders.
Downloads
References
Adaramodu, A. A., Osuntogun, A. O., & Ehi-Eromosele, C. O. (2012). Heavy Metal Concentration of Surface Dust Present in E-Waste Components: The Westminister Electronic Market, Lagos Case Study. Resources and Environment, 2(2), 9–13. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.re.20120202.02
Adediran, Y., & Abdulkarim, A. (2014). Challenges of electronic waste management in Nigeria. International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, 4(1), 640–648.
Adewumi, B., Akingunsola, E., Femi-oloye, O. P., & Oloye, F. F. (2017). Evaluation of the Heavy Metals Composition of Soil at E-waste Dumping Sites. 5(4), 1– 8. https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEE/2017/39500
Atiemo, S. M., Ofosu, F. G., Aboh, I. J. K., & Kuranchie-Mensah, H. (2012). Assessing the Heavy Metals Contamination of Surface Dust from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (E-waste) Recycling Site in Accra, Ghana Sampson. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 4(5), 605–611. ISSN: 2041-0492
Bhoi, V. N., & Shah, T. (2014). E-waste: A New Environmental Challenge. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 4(2), 442–447.
Chuis S., Wong Y. H., Chio H. I., Fong M. et al (2013). Study of Heavy Metals Poisoning infrequent Users of Chinese Medicines in Hong Kong and Macau, Phytother Resp 27, 859-863
Echenim, S. (2011). Lagos leads new partnership on E-waste awareness, The Punch Newspaper,
Nigeria, 28 February, www.punchng.com/Articl.aspx?theartic¼Art201102281384573
(Accessed 1st October 2020)
Ejiogu, A. R. (2013). E‐waste economics: a Nigerian perspective. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 24 (2), 199–213. https://doi.org/10.1108/14777831311303083
Fujimori, T., & Takigami, H. (2014). Pollution distribution of heavy metals in surface soil at an informal electronic-waste recycling site. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 36(1), 159–168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-013-9526-y
Map data (2021). Geographical map of Odogbolu, retrieved from https://www.google.com/maps/@6.8404044,3.7474106,14z
Li, J., Duan, H., & Shi, P. (2011). Heavy metal contamination of surface soil in electronic waste dismantling area: Site investigation and source-apportionment analysis. Waste Management and Research, 29(7), 727–738. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X10397580
NBS (2019). NBS Publishes 2019 General Household Panel Survey Report. https://www.proshareng.com/news/Nigeria%20Economy/NBS-Publishes-2019-General Household-Panel-Survey-Report/48271
Ofudje, E. A., Alayande, S. O., Oladipo, G. O., Williams, O. D., & Akiode, O. K. (2014). Heavy Metals Concentration at Electronic-Waste Dismantling Sites and Dumpsites in Lagos, Nigeria. International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4(6), 678–690. https://doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2014/7694
Ogungbuyi, O., Nnorom, I. C., Osibanjo, O. and Schluep, M. (2012). E-Waste Country Assessment Nigeria. E-Waste Africa project of the Secretariat of the Basel Convention pages 1- 94.
Olafisoye, O. B., Adefioye, T., & Osibote, O. A. (2013). Heavy metals contamination of water, soil, and plants around an electronic waste dumpsite. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 22(5), 1431–1439.
Olubanjo, k., Osibanjo, O. and Nnorom, I. C. (2015). Evaluation of Pb and Cu contents of selected component parts of waste personal computers. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 19(3), 470-477. ISSN 1119-8362
Tchounwou P. B., Yedjou C. G., Patlolla A. K. and Sutton D. J. (2012). Heavy Metal Toxicity and Environment. EXS 101, 133-164.
UNEP, (2007). E-Waste: Volume I Inventory Assessment Manual. United Nations Environment
Protection” 123 pp.
United Nations University (2020). The Global E-Waste Monitor 2020, page 24-25. Release July, 2020
WHO (World Health Organization). 2011. Guidelines for drinking water quality, 4th edn. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Zheng, J., Chen, K. hui, Yan, X., Chen, S. J., Hu, G. C., Peng, X. W., Yuan, J. gang, Mai, B. X., & Yang, Z. Y. (2013). Heavy metals in food, house dust, and water from an e-waste recycling area in South China and the potential risk to human health. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 96, 205– 212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.06.017
Copyright (c) 2022 Odunaike R. Kolawole, Adetoro T. Talabi, Laoye J. Abidemi, Akinyemi L. Popoola, Obasan M. Feranmi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
