Assessing the Impact of Inadequate Green Infrastructure on Socioeconomic Development in Kigali City: A Case Study of Gasabo District (2010-2024)

Abstract

This study assessed the impact of inadequate green infrastructure on socio-economic development in Gasabo District, Kigali City. Gasabo, the largest district in Kigali, has experienced rapid urban expansion marked by significant population growth, infrastructure development, and environmental degradation. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews with residents, administrative leaders, and key informants, while secondary data were sourced from government reports, academic publications, and relevant literature. A stratified random sampling technique was employed to ensure proportional representation across diverse urban and peri-urban settings, yielding a sample size of 400 households. Findings revealed severe green infrastructure deficiencies, particularly in high-density areas such as Kacyiru and Remera, where only 22% of residents have access to nearby recreational spaces. Wetland degradation exceeded 60% since 2015, reducing natural flood buffers and intensifying the urban heat island effect. Socio-economic analysis highlighted poverty and vulnerability in rural sectors and informal settlements, where 65% of low-income households lack basic services. Flooding emerged as a critical issue, disproportionately affecting vulnerable communities and causing fatalities and injuries in 2023. The study further established strong linkages between inadequate green infrastructure and adverse socio-economic outcomes. Health problems, including respiratory diseases and poor mental well-being, were more prevalent in areas with limited green spaces. Economically, reduced property values and weakened municipal revenues were observed, while socially, diminished community cohesion was reported by 70% of respondents. The findings underscore the urgent need for sustainable urban planning, improved investment in green infrastructure, and targeted interventions to balance Gasabo’s economic growth with environmental sustainability.