Assessment of Existing Regulations and Enforcement Strategies on Seat Belt Use in Public Transport in Cameroon

Abstract

The study, conducted from March to July 2025, seeks to comprehensively analyse seat belt usage by bus occupants in Cameroon. Its objectives include evaluating existing regulations, assessing enforcement strategies, gauging public awareness and attitudes, and determining the impact of seat belt use on road traffic casualties. Ultimately, the research aims to propose novel strategies to enhance seat belt adoption, particularly in public transport vehicles such as buses. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining observational studies conducted across three cities, which yielded 164 bus observations, with a web-based survey involving 320 respondents. The low rate of seat belt compliance among drivers and passengers in Cameroon is attributed to several systemic issues, including widespread bribery and corruption, non-respect of the law by law enforcement officers, ineffective implementation strategies, a lack of public awareness campaigns, lenient road safety policies, and general incompetence. While observational data indicate even lower seat belt usage than self-reported figures from web surveys, passengers expressed disappointment that drivers often fail to remind them to buckle up. Passengers’ complaints regarding dirty seat belts, vehicle overloading, and technical malfunctions underscore the need for systematic cleaning and inspection of seat belts. Our findings suggest that the perception of safety is the primary determinant of seat belt usage in Cameroon, while inadequate enforcement presents the most significant barrier to its widespread adoption. Consequently, informational campaigns, increased vigilance, enforcement by competent authorities, mandatory reminders and zero overloading are highly recommended.