Exploring The Impact of Women Entrepreneurship on Economic Development - A Case of Mashonaland West Province
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the impact of women entrepreneurship on economic development. A case of Mashonaland West Province. The specific objectives were to analyse intrinsic and extrinsic factors which hinder effective growth of women entrepreneurs and the outcome was to examine the contribution by women entrepreneurs in the economy. Women entrepreneurship model and economic and entrepreneurship theories were used. Positivism philosophy was used. A population of 1050 and a survey of 105 respondents was used to carry out the study. The researcher distributed questionnaires to the targeted women entrepreneurs. SPSS was used to capture and analyse data.0.763 was the Cronbach’s alpha result which was used to measure reliability of the construct. Descriptive statistics, means, frequencies and t-tests were used to test the results. The study established that women entrepreneurs contribute to economic development. The study also found out that woman entrepreneurship contribution to economic growth is affected by both internal and environmental aspects. However, from the observations the social environment affects greatly in a negative way. Socio economic factors have a positive influence on growth intentions for women entrepreneurs. The test that intrinsic and extrinsic challenges influence positively the performance of women owned ventures was rejected and concluded that intrinsic and extrinsic challenges women entrepreneurs face have a negative impact in their venture performance. Women entrepreneurs have a negative contribution to economic growth we rejected the null hypothesis and partially concluded that women make contributions to economic development. The study recommended that women to be engaged in activities that economically benefit the nation as well as for them to adopt change for their businesses to be successful. It also encouraged that women should engage in sustainable businesses. The researcher recommends that the research be done in many cities and provinces to give a clear picture of the contributions made by women entrepreneurs in Zimbabwe
Downloads
References
Abawi, (2013). Problem and Prospects of women Enterepreneurs: A case study of Quette-Pakistan. International journal and Social Science, 3 (23).
Akhalwaya, (2010) Capitalism and the Problem of Intersectionality. Retrieved from http://www.publicseminar.org/2015/04/capitalism-and-the-problem-of-intersectionality/
Anderson, & Miller, (2003) On Black Feminist Thought: thinking oppression and resistance through intersectional paradigm. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 38(13), 2334–2340.
Ardesua et al (2013). Problems and prospects of women entrepreneurs: a case study of Quetta-Pakistan International Journal of Business and Social Science. Vol. 3 No. 23;p177-183.google scholar
Asenge and Agwa 2018). 'Why research on women entrepreneurs needs new directions', Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 30, No. 5, August, pp. 596-621
Blackmen (2013) Moving forward: Institutional perspectives on gender and entrepreneurship. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 2, 5–9
Bloomberg, (2013). 'Enterprising Behaviour of Enterprise-less Rural Women Entrepreneurs of Khyber Pakhtunkhawa of Pakistan', Europeon Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 109-119
Bowden, (2013) Entrepreneurship: the genesis of organizations. In S. Zedeck (Ed.), Handbook
Of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 241–273). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Bugawa, A. (2021) ‘Women on the Verge of a Break-through: Networking among Entrepreneurs in the United States and in Italy’, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 1: 339–56
Buttner and Moore (2007) ‘Business under Fire: Entrepreneurship and Violent Conflict in Developing Countries’, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 57 (1): 3- 19
Chinonye Okafor, 2010) Assessment of the roles and constraints of women in the economic development of Ethiopia the case of Ambo Town since nineteen ninety-one. International Journal of Research, 2(2), 260-279
Chinonye (2015). Gender and Entrepreneurship: An Ethno- Graphic Approach. New York: Routledge.
Chotkan et al. (2013) 'The history of entrepreneurship: Medieval origins of a modern phenomenon', Business History, 56, 8, pp. 1223-¬1242, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 January 2013.
Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry & research design: choosing among five approaches (third edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Dakhane, 2017) Women entrepreneurs and innovative practises for sustainable economic development. Stand up India. International women conference on entrepreneurship and women empowerment, India national institute of entrepreneurship and small business development International Business Journal, 34(3), 217–341
Dzapasi, (2020) African women in food processing: a major, but still underestimated sector of their contribution to the national economy. IDRC, Ottawa, Nairobi.
Edleston and Powel (2013) Gender and entrepreneurship research: a review of methodological approaches. International Small Business Journal, 34(3), 217–341
GEM Report on Women’s Entrepreneurship. (2017). “Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2016/2017 Report on Women’s Entrepreneurship” Available at:http://gemconsortium.org/report/49860 [Accessed: February 20, 2018]
Global Research Association, (2017). Gender and entrepreneurship research: a review of methodological approaches. International Small Business Journal, 34(3), 217–341
Grozdanic (2013) 'Problems faced by Women entrepreneurs in Kohat city of Khyber
Pakhtunkhawa Pakistan', International Journal of Human Resource stuides , vol. 2, No. 1
Helm (2013). Female Entrepreneurship, in Galindo, M.A., Guzman, J. and Ribeiro, D., Entrepreneurship and Business: A Regional Perspective, Springer. , 6(1), 551–613
Jarlbert, (2013).). Research on women entrepreneurs: challenges to (and from) the broader Entrepreneurship literature? Academy of Management Annals, 7(1), 661–713
Katz, (2010) Ghana and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) since the New Millennium.PhD diss., University of Ghana, 2013.
Kiran Mazumdar (2013) ‘Introduction: Is There a Feminist Method?’, in S. Harding (ed.), Feminism and Methodology, Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
Kogut, 2022) Kpelai, S. (2013). The impact of women entrepreneurship on economic growth in Benue State Nigeria.
Kumara, M.L. (2013). The role of women entrepreneurship in Morden world. Current engineering and technology.Jomo Kenyatta University
Kyaruz (2013) Female entrepreneurship and local economic growth. Female entrepreneurship and local economic growth. Oxford Broox Press
Langowitz and Minniti (2013) "Gender in sustainable entrepreneurship: evidence from the UK",
Gender in Management: An International Journal, Vol. 32 Issue 3, pp.183-202
Malyadri, G. (2014). Role of Women Entrepreneurs in the Economic Development of India.Indian Journal of Research, Vol. 3, No. 3, Pp. 104-105
Mari P.(2016) ‘Gender and Imperialism’, in M. Kimmel (eds), Changing Men: New Directions
in Research on Men and Masculinity, Beverly Hills: Sage
Mas-Tur U. (2015). Comparative Study of Family Policy in East Asia – Korea, China, Japan, Singapore, Policy Report No. 2013-76, OECDKorea Policy Centre/Korean Institute for Health and Social Affairs, Seoul.
Mauchi, (2014) Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of
Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics.University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989, 139.
Metinleri (2018) ‘Barriers Facing Female Entrepreneurs; A Study in Gauteng Province, South Africa’, Proceedings of 2nd Entrepreneurship Research Exchange Conference, Melbourne.
Miller, R. (2018) Marriage, Money, and African American Mothers’ Self-Esteem. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70(5), 1188–1199.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2008.00559.x
Muhhamad, N,H.(2013) problems and problems ;a case study of Queta Pakistan. International journal of business and social science.
Munyoro G., Chikombingo, M., and Nyandoro Z.,(2016).the motives of Zimbabwean entrepreneurs: a case study of Harare. Africa Development and Resources Research Institute Journal, Ghana: Vol. 25, No. 7(3), Pp. 1-13, ISSN: 2343-6662, 31st May, 2016
Nadgrodkiewicz V. (2013) Female entrepreneurs. Differences between female and male entrepreneurs in Finland.
Nehad N. (2016). Growing Africa -Unlocking the potential of agribusiness: Main report ().
Washington, DC: World, Bank.http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/327811467990084951/Main-report
Ngare D(2013) ‘Female Entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia’ International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 4 (3) 216 – 23
Nsengimana B(2017Entrepreneurs and Small Businesses Spur Economic Growth and Create Jobs.
The World Bank. Retrieved from: Nielsen, KT &Kjeldsen, JI 2000, Women Entrepreneurs: Now and in the Future, Danish Agency for Trade and Industry, Copenhagen.
OECD, (2004). Female enterprise development; a case study of graduate women in Nairobi. Organisation of entrepreneurship and economic development forum(O.E.C.D.)( 2013)
Quaidoo R. (2018) the role of entrepreneurship in economic development prospects challenges of female entrepreneurs in agribusiness in Ghana, Sage Publications
Ogunlana Y(2018). ARE Women Important for Economic Development? Evidence on Women’s Participation in labour Market and Their Contribution to economic growth in 83 countries.
Omwenga Z (2013). Economic growth and entrepreneurship theories.Mediterranean Journal Of Social Science
Ottih O(2014) Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth: Does entrepreneurship Bolster Economic Expansion in Africa? Socialomics.
Panaydes S.(2013) “Women Entrepreneurs in the OECD: Key Evidence and Policy Challenges”. OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, OECD Publishing, No. 147
RobbinsI & Dowty R(2008). “Entrepreneurship and Economic Development: Theory, Evidence and Policy.” IZA Discussion Paper No. 7507 (2016).Accessed November 13, 2016Safara W (2014) Research on women business owners: Past trends, a new perspective and future directions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16, 5–30.
Saunders P , Lewis E and ThornhillM (2016) Research Methods and Emerging developments. Community Development Journal, 45(1), 5-21. doi:10.1093/cdj/bsn028
Schmitz, C (2013). Innovation, Management and technology, Vol. 7, No. 6. The Contribution of Women entrepreneurship in Family Socio-Economic Development in Rural Areas Rwanda.
Schumpeter W(2013) 'Entrepreneurship Education in Schools: Empirical Evidence on women empowerment, Beverly Hills: Sage Publications
Teacher's Role', Journal Of Educational Research, 108, 3, pp. 236-¬249, Academic Search Elite, EBSCOhost, viewed 16 March 2013Seth. P(2015). Investigating the role of self-construal in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions. Frontiers in Psychology - Organizational Psychology, 6(1085), doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01085
Shane, F(2003). Women entrepreneurs in india - emerging issues and challenges International Journal of Development Research. Vol. 3, Issue, 04, pp.012-017, April, 2013
Shah B(2015)Women entrepreneurs in developing countries :growth replication strategies and their impact on poverty alleviation .Technology innovation management review
Sinha, M. (1987) ‘Gender and Imperialism’, in M. Kimmel (eds), Changing Men: NewDirections in Research on Men and Masculinity, Beverly Hills: Sage Publications
Tidd C and Bessant, N(2013) Entrepreneurship, Economic Growth and Entrepreneurship Theories,
European, Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Conference on Information Systems 2010 (EMCIS 2010 SCHWARTZ, E. B. Entrepreneurship: a new female frontier. Journal of Contemporary, Business, Seattle, v. 5, n. 1, p. 47-76, 1976.
Vijayakumar, Jayachitra.(2013) Women entrepreneurs in india - emerging issues and challenges International Journal of Development Research. Vol. 3, Issue, 04, pp.012-017, April, 201World Bank, (2011).
Yunusa K and Paul S(2018) A web of opportunity or the same old story? Women digital entrepreneurs and enter-sectionality theory. Human relations Business Journal, v. 5, n. 1, p. 42-72, 1976.
Copyright (c) 2024 Masline Zinyama, Gladys Mufanebadza, Willis Mlambo, Rodney Mudyahoto, Cosmas Herikanos Tarwa, Tonderai James Nyagwaya, Gift Chipo Manhimanzi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
