Escapism Experience an Avenue for Tourism Development: Mapping the Test of Tanzania: Evidence from Arusha Region
Abstract
The study’s aim is to examine the mediation effect of consumer perceived value on the relationship between escapism experience components and tourism development. A purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from various hotels in Arusha. One hundred twenty-three questionnaires were distributed, and only 78 were retained for analysis throughout the study. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 27) through descriptive statistics was used to analyse respondent profiles and the normality test of the data. Structural Equation Modelling through AMOS software was used to analyse the relationship of the variable and to test the mediation effect of customer perceived value on the relationship between arousal experience, memory experience, perceived quality, and tourism development. The main findings reveal that customer-perceived value fully mediates the relationship between memory experience and tourism development while partially mediates the relationship between arousal experience and perceived quality in tourism development. With the guide of the experience economy theory, the study’s novelty lies in the mediation effect of customer perceived value on the relationship between the escapism components and tourism development. With these findings, tourism stakeholders, including the hotel industry, are advised to focus on satisfying customers in the whole customer travel experience value chain, which includes before experience, during the experience, and post-experience
Downloads
References
Abdou, A. H., Shehata, H. S., Mahmoud, H. M. E., Albakhit, A. I., & Almakhayitah, M. Y. (2022). The Effect of Environmentally Sustainable Practices on Customer Citizenship Behavior in Eco-Friendly Hotels: Does the Green Perceived Value Matter? Sustainability, 14(12), Article 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127167
Ali, F., Hussain, K., & Ari, N. (2014). Memorable customer experience: Examining the effects of customers experience on memories and loyalty in Malaysian resort hotels. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 144, 273–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.296
Andari, R., I, W. G. S., I, G. R., & Sukawati, T. G. R. (2022). The Strength of Local Wisdom Values as a Differentiation Strategy in Creating Sustainable Tourism Competitiveness. Webology, 19(1), 4088–4104. https://doi.org/10.14704/web/v19i1/web19269
Anderson, D. R., & Anderson, D. R. (2008). The need to get the basics right in wildlife field studies. 29(4), 1294–1297.
Antón, C., Camarero, C., & Laguna-García, M. (2018). Experience Value or Satiety? The Effects of the Amount and Variety of Tourists’ Activities on Perceived Experience. Journal of Travel Research, 57(7), 920–935. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287517727366
Aşan, K., Kaptangil, K., & Gargacı Kınay, A. (2020). Mediating role of perceived festival value in the relationship between experiences and satisfaction. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 11(2), 255–271. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEFM-11-2019-0058
Atef, A., & Harede, B. (2022). The Role of Culinary Tourism in The Promotion of Hotel Industry A Case Study in Matrouh City. Journal of Tourism, Hotels and Heritage, 4(2), 90–105. https://doi.org/10.21608/sis.2022.143688.1059
Bae, J., & Jeon, H. (2022). Exploring the Relationships among Brand Experience, Perceived Product Quality, Hedonic Value, Utilitarian Value, and Brand Loyalty in Unmanned Coffee Shops during the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Biswas, C., Deb, S. K., Hasan, A. A.-T., & Khandakar, Md. S. A. (2020). Mediating effect of tourists’ emotional involvement on the relationship between destination attributes and tourist satisfaction. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 4(4), 490–510. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-05-2020-0075
Chan, S. H. J., Wan, Y. K. P., & Tam, U. T. Z. (2021). Tourists’ Description of their Experiences of the Servicescape of Integrated Resorts: The Case of Macau. International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Administration, 22(3), 269–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/15256480.2019.1641453
Choi, M., Law, R., & Heo, C. Y. (2018). An Investigation of the Perceived Value of Shopping Tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 57(7), 962– 980. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287517726170
Cohen, S. (2010). Chapter 2. Searching for Escape, Authenticity and Identity: Experiences of ‘Lifestyle Travellers.’ In M. Morgan, P. Lugosi, & J. R. B. Ritchie (Eds.), Chapter 2. Searching for Escape, Authenticity and Identity: Experiences of ‘Lifestyle Travellers’ (pp. 27–42). Channel View Publications. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781845411503-005
Cova, B., Carù, A., & Cayla, J. (2018). Re-conceptualising escape in consumer research. 21(4), 445–464. https://doi.org/10.1108/QMR-01-2017-0030
Cutler, S. Q. (2015). Exploring the Moments and Memory of Tourist Experiences in Peru [Doctorate Thesis, Wilfrid Laurier University]. https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd/1746/
Fontefrancesco, M. F., & Lekanayia, L. (2018). Meanings and taboos in traditional gastronomy of Maasai communities in Kajiado County, Kenya. Antrocom: Online Journal of Anthropology, 14(1), 77–85.
Gardiner, S., Vada, S., Yang, E. C. L., Khoo, C., & Le, T. H. (2022). Recreating history: The evolving negotiation of staged authenticity in tourism experiences. Tourism Management, 91, 104515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2022.104515
Gunzler, D., Chen, T., Wu, P., & Zhang, H. (2013). Introduction to mediation analysis with structural equation modeling. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry, 25(6), 390–395. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-0829.2013.06.009
Güzel, F. Ö. (2014). The Dimensions of Tour Experience, Emotional Arousal, and Post-experience Behaviors: A Research on Pamukkale in Turkey. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 521–530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.069
Hallak, R., Assaker, G., & El-Haddad, R. (2018). Re-examining the relationships among perceived quality, value, satisfaction, and destination loyalty: A higher-order structural model. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 24(2), 118–135. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766717690572
Hapsari, R., Clemes, M., & Dean, D. (2016). The Mediating Role of Perceived Value on the Relationship between Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction: Evidence from Indonesian Airline Passengers. Procedia Economics and Finance, 35(October 2015), 388–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)00048-4
Heilman, R. B. (1975). Escape and Escapism Varieties of Literary Experience. The Sewanee Review, 83(3), 439–458. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27542986
Hilton-taylor, C., & Stuart, S. N. (2008). Wildlife in a changing world.
Huseynli, N. (2022). Causality Relationship between Foreign Investment and Tourism Sector Growth: Selected African Continent Countries Causality Relationship between Foreign Investment and Tourism Sector Growth: Selected African Continent Countries. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 11(4), 1656–1667. https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.315
Hwang, J., & Lee, J. H. (Jay). (2019). A strategy for enhancing senior tourists’ well-being perception: Focusing on the experience economy. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 36(3), 314–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2018.1541776
James, H. (2020, February 22). How Kenya becoming a choice destination for those in search of food experiences. People Daily. https://www.pd.co.ke/lifestyle/how-kenya-becoming-a-choice-destination-for-those-in-search-of-food-experiences-25679/
Jeremiah, N. (2015). Analysis of Challenges Facing Tanzania Tourism Promotion: A Survey of Selected Tourism Destination [Master’s Thesis, Mzumbe University]. https://www.academia.edu/34485802/ANALYSIS_OF_CHALLENGES_FACING_TANZANIA_TOURISM_PROMOTION_A_SURVEY_OF_SELECTED_TOURISM_DESTINATION
Jiang, Y., & Hong, F. (2021). Examining the relationship between customer- perceived value of night-time tourism and destination attachment among Generation Z tourists in China. Tourism Recreation Research, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1915621
Jurowski, C. (2009). An Examination of the Four Realms of Tourism Experience Theory. International CHRIE Conference- Refereed Track. 2009 ICHRIE Conference. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/refereed/Sessions/Wednesday/23
Kastenholz, E., Carneiro, M. J., Marques, C. P., Maria, S., & Loureiro, C. (2017). The dimensions of rural tourism experience: Impacts on arousal , memory , and satisfaction The dimensions of rural tourism experience: Impacts on arousal , memory , and satisfaction. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2017.1350617
Kim, Y., Ribeiro, M. A., & Li, G. (2022). Tourism Memory Characteristics Scale: Development and Validation. Journal of Travel Research, 61(6), 1308–1326. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875211033355
Kokkranikal, J., & Carabelli, E. (2021). Gastronomy tourism experiences: The cooking classes of Cinque Terre. Tourism Recreation Research, 0, 1– 12. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1975213
Lee, S., Jeon, S., & Kim, D. (2011). The impact of tour quality and tourist satisfaction on tourist loyalty: The case of Chinese tourists in Korea. Tourism Management, 32(5), 1115–1124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.09.016
Lee, S., Jeong, E., & Qu, K. (2019). Exploring Theme Park Visitors’ Experience on Satisfaction and Revisit Intention: A Utilisation of Experience Economy Model. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2019.1691702
Lee, T. H., & Jan, F.-H. (2019). The Low-Carbon Tourism Experience: A Multidimensional Scale Development. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 43(6), 890–918. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348019849675
Lu, Y., Lai, I. K. W., Liu, X. Y., & Wang, X. (2022). Influence of memorability on revisit intention in welcome back tourism: The mediating role of nostalgia and destination attachment. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1020467
Luo, J. M., Lam, C. F., & Wang, H. (2021). Exploring the Relationship Between Hedonism, Tourist Experience, and Revisit Intention in Entertainment Destination. SAGE Open, 11(4), 21582440211050390. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211050390
Lwoga, N. B. (2013). Tourism development in Tanzania before and after independence: Sustainability perspectives. Eastern African Journal of Hospitality, Leisure and Tourism, 1(2), 1– 26. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20173088819
Matolo, R. J., & Salia, P. J. (2021). Determinants of International Tourists’ Destinat ion Loyalty: Empirical Evidence from Serengeti National Park in Tanzania. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 10(3), 821–838. https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-134
Mengkebayaer, M., Nawaz, M. A., & Sajid, M. U. (2022). Eco-destination loyalty: Role of perceived value and experience in framing destination attachment and equity with moderating role of destination memory. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.908798
Merwe, P. Van Der, Saayman, A., & Jacobs, C. (2021). Assessing the economic impact of COVID-19 on the private wildlife industry of South Africa. Global Ecology and Conservation, 28, e01633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01633
Mkumbo, P. J. (2010). Tourism Distribution Channels in the Northern Tourist Circuit of Tanzania A thesis fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Tourism Management [Master’s Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington]. https://openaccess.wgtn.ac.nz/ndownloader/files/31389913
Mlozi, S., & Pesämaa, O. (2013). Adventure tourist destination choice in Tanzania. Current Issues in Tourism, 16(1), 63–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2011.647807
Mohamed, F. H. (2017). The 3 rd UNWTO World Forum on Gastronomy Tourism. https://webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/imported_images/46789/gastronomy_presentation_-_revps.pdf
Moon, K. S., Ko, Y. J., Connaughton, D. P., & Lee, J. H. (2013). A mediating role of destination image in the relationship between event quality, perceived value, and behavioral intention. Journal of Sport and Tourism, 18(1), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2013.799960
Ningsih, I. S., & Dwita, V. (2020). The Effect of Destination Perceived Quality, Perceived Value on Tourist Words of Mouth with Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable A Study in Mifan Water park and Resort, Padang Panjang City. 667–672. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200305.132
Oh, H., & Kim, K. (2017). Customer satisfaction, service quality, and customer value: Years 2000-2015. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(1), 2–29. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-10-2015-0594
Patma, T. S., Kusumawati, A., Mauludin, H., & Zaini, A. (2020). Mediating effect of customer perceive value on experience quality and loyalty relationship. Utopia y Praxis Latinoamericana, 25(Extra6), 524–536. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3987675
Ponsignon, F., Lunardo, R., & Michrafy, M. (2021). Why Are International Visitors More Satisfied with the Tourism Experience? The Role of Hedonic Value, Escapism, and Psychic Distance. Journal of Travel Research, 60(8), 1771– 1786. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520961175
Rehman, A. U., Abbas, M., Abbasi, F. A., & Khan, S. (2023). How Tourist Experience Quality, Perceived Price Reasonableness and Regenerative Tourism Involvement Influence Tourist Satisfaction: A Study of Ha’il Region, Saudi Arabia. Sustainability, 15(2), 1340. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021340
Reimer, A., & Kuehn, R. (2005). The impact of servicescape on quality perception. European Journal of Marketing, 39(7/8), 785–808. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560510601761
Ribeiro, M. A., & Prayag, G. (2019). Perceived quality and service experience: Mediating effects of positive and negative emotions. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 28(3), 285–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2018.1517071
Şahin, İ., & Güzel, F. Ö. (2020). Do experiential destination attributes create emotional arousal and memory? A comparative research approach. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 29(8), 956–986. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2020.1746214
Song, H. J., Lee, C.-K., Park, J. A., Hwang, Y. H., & Reisinger, Y. (2015). The Influence of Tourist Experience on Perceived Value and Satisfaction with Temple Stays: The Experience Economy Theory. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 32(4), 401–415. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2014.898606
Su, L., Cheng, J., & Huang, Y. (2021). How Do Group Size and Group Familiarity Influence Tourist Satisfaction? The Mediating Role of Perceived Value. Journal of Travel Research, 60(8), 1821–1840. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520966384
Tabachnick, B. G. (2020). Experimental Designs Using ANOVA.
Tovmasyan, Gayane. (2019). Exploring The Role Of Gastronomy In Tourism. SocioEconomic Challenges, 3(3), 30–39. https://doi.org/10.21272/sec.3(3).30-39.2019
Tsai, C. S., & Wang, Y. (2016). Journal of Destination Marketing & Management Experiential value in branding food tourism. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 1986, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2016.02.003
Vien, N. K. (2021). Modelling The Relationship of Perceived Quality, Destination Image, And Tourist Satisfaction at The Destination Level. 1(4), 165–172.
Wang, B., Yang, Z., Han, F., & Shi, H. (2017). Car Tourism in Xinjiang: The Mediation Effect of Perceived Value and Tourist Satisfaction on the Relationship between Destination Image and Loyalty. Sustainability, 9(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9010022
Wang, J., Xie, C., Huang, Q., & Morrison, A. M. (2020). Smart tourism destination experiences: The mediating impact of arousal levels. Tourism Management Perspectives, 35(May), 100707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100707
Wijaya, S. (2019). Indonesian food culture mapping: A starter contribution to promote Indonesian culinary tourism. Journal of Ethnic Foods, 6(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42779-019-0009-3
Zhang, Y., & Lee, H. M. (2022). Exploring Wine Tourism Experience Constructs: A Qualitative Approach. 3225– 3230. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220307.530
Copyright (c) 2023 Greyson Agapity, Thereza Mugobi

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.